P

Pablo Jose Arriaga	Jesuit missionary
Pacandus	Titular see
Pachomius, Saint	D. about 346. The main facts of his life will be found in [[Monasticism]]
Pacificus	A disciple of St. Francis of Assisi, b. probably near Ascoli, Italy, in the second half of the twelfth century; d. probably at Lens, France, 1234
Pacificus of Ceredano, Blessed	Franciscan; b. 1420 at Cerano, in the Diocese of Novara in Lombardy, supposedly of the much respected family of Ramati; June 14, 1482
Pacificus of San Severino, Saint	B. at San Severino, in the March of Ancona, March 1, 1653; d. there Sept. 24, 1721; the son of Antonio M. Divini and Mariangela Bruni
Padua	In Northern Italy
Paganism	In the broadest sense, includes all religions other than the true one revealed by God, and, in a narrower sense, all except Christianity, Judaism, and Mohammedanism
Pakawa Indians	Indians, also written Pacoa, one of a group of cognate tribes, hence designated the Pakawan (formerly Coahuiltecan) stock
Palaeography	The art of deciphering ancient writing in manuscripts or diplomas
Palaeontology	The science of fossils, deals with extinct or primeval animals and plants
Palatini	The designation, primarily, of certain high officials of the papal court
Paleopolis	A titular see of Asia Minor, suffragan of Ephesus
Palermo	In Sicily
Pall	A heavy, black cloth, spread over the coffin in the church at a funeral, or over the catafalque at other services for the dead
Palladius	Author b. in Galatia, 368; d. probably before 431
Palladius, Saint	First bishop sent by Pope Celestine to Ireland (431)
Pallium	Circular band about two inches wide, worn about the neck, breast, and shoulders, and having two pendants, one hanging down in front and one behind
Palm in Christian Symbolism	In pre-Christian times the palm was regarded as a symbol of victory.
Palm Sunday	The sixth and last Sunday of Lent and beginning of Holy Week, a Sunday of the highest rank, not even a commemoration of any kind being permitted in the Mass
Palma Vecchio	Artist b. at Serinalta near Bergamo, about 1480; d. at Venice, July 30, 1528
Palmyra	Titular metropolitan see in Phoenicia Secunda
Paltus	A titular see and suffragan of Seleucia Pieria in Syria Prima
Pamelius	Belgian theologian, b. at Bruges, Flanders, May 13, 1536; d. at Mons in Hainaut, September 19, 1587
Pammachius, Saint	Roman senator, d. about 409
Pamphilus of Caesarea, Saint	Martyred 309
Pandects	Part of Justinian's compilation
Pandulph	Papal legate and Bishop of Norwich, d. at Rome, Sept. 16, 1226
Panemotichus	A titular see of Pamphylia Secunda, suffragan of Perge
Pange Lingua Gloriosi	The opening words of two hymns celebrating respectively the Passion and the Blessed Sacrament
Pano Indians	A former important mission tribe on the middle Ucayali River, Peru
Panopolis	A titular see, suffragan of Antinoe in Thebais Prima
Panpsychism	A philosophical theory which holds that everything in the universe, the inorganic world as well as the organic, has some degree of consciousness
Pantaenus	Head of the Catechetical School of Alexandria about 180
Pantaleon, Saint	Martyr, d. about 305
Pantheism	The view according to which God and the world are one
Paolo Agostini	B. at Vallerano in 1593; d. 1629, famous composer
Paolo Caliari	Painter of the Venetian school; b. at Verona, 1528; d. at Venice, April 19, 1588
Paolo Dal Pozzo Toscanelli	Mathematician, astronomer, and cosmographer, b. at Florence in 1397; d. there, May 10, 1482
Paolo Farinato	An Italian painter, b. at Verona, 1524; d. there, 1606

Paolo Paruta	Venetian historian and statesman, b. at Venice, May 14, 1540; d. there, Dec. 6, 1598
Paolo Ruffini	Physician and mathematician, b. at Valentano in the Duchy of Castro, Sept. 3, 1765; d. at Modena, May 10, 1822
Paolo Sarpi	Servite and anti-papal historian and statesman, b. at Venice, August 14, 1552; d. there 14 or January 15, 1623
Paolo Segneri	Italian Jesuit, preacher, missionary, ascetical writer, b. at Nettuno, March 21 1624; d. at Rome, Dec. 9, 1694
Paolo Vergani	Italian political economist, b. in Piedmont, 1753; d. in Paris, about 1820
Papacy	This term is employed in an ecclesiastical and in an historical signification.
Papago Indians	An important tribe of Shoshonean linguistic stock
Papal Arbitration	An institution almost coeval with the papacy itself
Papal Constitutions	Ordinations issued by the Roman pontiffs and binding those for whom they are issued
Papal Decretals	Commonly signifies a pontifical letter containing a decretum, or pontifical decision. More narrowly, denotes a decision on a matter of discipline
Papal Diplomatics	The word diplomatics, following a Continental usage which long ago found recognition in Mabillon's
Papal Elections	The method of electing the pope has varied considerably at different periods of the history of the Church.
Papal Mint	Right to coin money being a sovereign prerogative, there can be no papal coins of earlier date than that of the temporal power of the popes
Papal Regesta	The copies, generally entered in special registry volumes, of the papal letters and official documents that are kept in the papal archives
Papal Rescripts	Responses of the pope or a Sacred Congregation, in writing, to queries or petitions of individuals
Paphnutius	The most celebrated personage of this name was bishop of a city in the Upper Thebaid in the early fourth century, and one of the most interesting members of the Council of Nicaea (325).
Paphos	Titular see, suffragan of Salamis in Cyprus
Papias, Saint	Bishop of Hierapolis (close to Laodicea and Colossae in the valley of the Lycus in Phrygia) and Apostolic Father
Parables	A comparison, or a parallel, by which one thing is used to illustrate another
Parabolani	The members of a brotherhood who in the Early Church voluntarily undertook the care of the sick and the burial of the dead
Paraclete	An appellation of the Holy Ghost
Paraetonium	A titular see of Lybia Secunda or Inferior (i.e. Marmarica), suffragan of Darnis
Paraguay	One of the inland republics of South America
Paralipomenon, The Books of	Two books of the Bible containing a summary of sacred history from Adam to the end of the Captivity
Parallelism	The balance of verse with verse, an essential and characteristic feature in Hebrew poetry
Paralus	A titular see, suffragan of Cabasa in AEgyptus Secunda
Parasceve	Among Hellenistic Jews, the name for Friday
Paray-le-Monial	A town in the Department of Saone-Loire, Diocese of Autun, France
Pardons of Brittany	Five distinct kinds of Pardons in Brittany
Parents	I. Duties of Parents Towards Their Children; Ii. Duties of Children Towards Parents
Paris	Secular and ecclesiastic history of major French city
Paris de Grasis	Master of ceremonies to Julius II and Leo X; b. 1470; d. 1528
Parish	A portion of a diocese under the authority of a priest legitimately appointed to secure in virtue of his office for the faithful dwelling therein, the helps of religion
Parium	Titular see, suffragan of Cyzicus in the Hellespontus
Parlais	A titular see of Pisidia, suffragan of Antioch
Parmigiano	Italian painter, b. at Parma, 1504; d. at Casal Maggiore, 1540
Parnassus	A titular see in Cappadocia Secunda, suffragan of Mocessus
Parochial Mass	The local Mass celebrated for the welfare of parishoners
Parochial Registers	A pastor must have five distinct parish registers: one each of baptisms, confirmations, marriages, and deaths; and a fifth containing a census or general account of the state of souls in the parish
Paroecopolis	A titular see of Macedonia, suffragan of Thessalonica

Parsis	A small community in India, adherents of the Zoroastrian religion and originally emigrants from Persia
Partnership	An unincorporated association of two or more persons, known as partners, having for its object the carrying on in common by the partners of some predetermined occupation for profit, such profit, according to the usual definition, to be shared by the sever
Pascal Baylon, Saint	B. at Torre-Hermosa, in the Kingdom of Aragon, May 24, 1540, on the Feast of Pentecost, called in Spain'the Pasch of the Holy Ghost', whence the name of Paschal; d. at Villa Reale, May 15, 1592, on Whitsunday
Pasch	Passover
Paschal Candle	The blessing of the 'paschal candle', which is a column of wax of exceptional size, usually fixed in a great candlestick specially destined for that purpose, is a notable feature of the service on Holy Saturday.
Paschal III	Second antipope in the time of Alexander III
Paschal Lamb	Lamb which the Israelites were commanded to eat with peculiar rites as a part of the Passover celebration
Paschal Tide	The fifty days from Easter Sunday to Pentecost
Paschasius Radbertus, Saint	Theologian, b. at Soissons, 786; d. in the Monastery of Corbie, c. 860
Paschasius, Saint	Deacon of the Roman Church about 500; d. after 511
Pasquale Galluppi	Philosopher, b. at Tropea, in Calabria, April 2, 1770; d. at Naples, Dec. 13, 1846
Pasquier Quesnel	B. in Paris, July 14, 1634; d. at Amsterdam, December 2, 1719
Passion Music	Precisely when, in the development of the liturgy, the history of the Passion of Our Lord ceased, during Holy Week, to be merely read and became a solemn recitation, has not yet been ascertained.
Passion of Jesus Christ in the Four Gospels	We have in the Gospels four separate accounts of the Passion of Our Lord, each of which supplements the others
Passion Offices	The recitation of these offices, called also of the Instruments of the Passion, was first granted collectively to the Congregatio Clericorum Passionis D.N.J.C., or the Passionist Fathers
Passion Plays	The modern drama does not originate in the ancient, but in the religious plays of the Middle Ages, themselves an outcome of the liturgy of the Church.
Passion Sunday	The fifth Sunday of Lent, a Sunday of the first class, not permitting the celebration of any feast, no matter of what rank, but allowing a commemoration of feasts which are not transferred
Passionists	The Congregation of Discalced Clerks of the Most Holy Cross and Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ
Passions	Motions of the sensitive appetite in man which tend towards the attainment of some real or apparent good, or the avoidance of some evil
Passiontide	The two weeks between Passion Sunday and Easter
Passos	The Portuguese name locally used to designate certain pious exercises
Pastor	A priest who has the cure of souls (cura animarum), that is, who is bound in virtue of his office to promote the spiritual welfare of the faithful by preaching, administering the sacraments, and exercising certain powers of external government, e.g., the
Patagonia	The name given to the southernmost extremity of South America
Patara	Titular see of Lycia, suffragan of Myra
Paten	Small shallow plate or disc of precious metal upon which the element of bread is offered to God at the Offertory of the Mass, and upon which the consecrated Host is again placd after the Fraction
Patmos	A small volcanic island in the Aegean Sea, off the coast of Asia Minor
Patras	Metropolitan see in Achaia
Patriarch	The word patriarch as applied to Biblical personages comes from the Septuagint version, where it is used in a broad sense, including religious and civil officials (e.g. I Par., xxiv, 31; xxvii, 22).
Patriarch and Patriarchate	Names of the highest ecclesiastical dignitaries after the pope, and of the territory they rule
Patriarchate of Lisbon	Includes the districts of Lisbon and Santarem
Patriarchate of the East Indies	Ecclesiastical jurisdiction in the East Indies
Patrician Brothers	Founded by the Right Rev. Dr. Daniel Delaney, Bishop of Kildare and Leighlin, at Tullow, in the County of Carlow, Ireland
Patrick Anderson	Scotch Jesuit (1575-1624)
Patrick Barry	Horticulturist (1816-1890)
Patrick Benedict Zimmer	Philosopher and theologian, b. at Abtsgemund, Wurtemberg, Feb. 22, 1752; d. at Steinheim near Dillingen, Oct. 16, 1820
Patrick Donahoe	Publisher, b. at Munnery, County Cavan, Ireland, March 17, 1811; d. at Boston, U.S.A., March 18, 1901
Patrick Fleming	Franciscan friar, b. at Lagan, County Louth, Ireland, April 17, 1599; d. November 7, 1631
Patrick Graham	First Archbishop of St. Andrews and Metropolitan of Scotland, date of birth uncertain
Patrick Henry O'Rorke	Soldier, b. in County Cavan, Ireland, March 25, 1837; killed at the battle of Gettysburg, Penn., U.S.A., July, 1863
Patrick John Ryan	Sixth Bishop and second Archbishop of Philadelphia, b. at Thurles, County Tipperary, Ireland, February 20, 1831; d. at Philadelphia, February 11, 1911

Patrick Murray	Theologian, b. in Clones, County Monaghan, Ireland, November 18, 1811; d. Nov. 15, 1882, in Maynooth College
Patrick O'Hely	Bishop of Mayo, Ireland; d. at Kilmallock, September, 1579
Patrick Robert Guiney	Second and eldest surviving son of James Roger Guiney and Judith Macrae; b. at Parkstown, Co. Tipperary, Ireland, on Jan. 15, 1835; d. at Boston, March 21, 1877
Patrick S. Casserly	., educator, b. in Ireland; d. in New York
Patrick Sarsfield	Miltary commander, b. at Lucan near Dublin, about 1650; d. at Huy in Belgium, 1693
Patrick Sarsfield Gilmore	Irish musician, b. 1829; d. 1892
Patrick Walsh	Journalist, U.S. Senator (1840-1900)
Patrick, Saint	Apostle of Ireland b. at Kilpatrick, near Dumbarton, in Scotland, in the year 387; d. at Saul, Downpatrick, Ireland, March 17, 493
Patritius Sporer	Moral theologian, b. at Passau, Bavaria; d. there, May 29, 1683
Patrizius Wittmann	Catholic journalist, b. at Ellwangen, Wurtemberg, January 4, 1818; d. at Munich, October 3, 1883
Patrology	The study of the writings of the Fathers of the Church
Patron and Patronage	A determinate sum of rights and obligations entailed upon a definite person, the patron, especially in connection with the assignment and administration of a benefice
Patron Saints	A patron is one who has been assigned by a venerable tradition, or chosen by election, as a special intercessor with God and the proper advocate of a particular locality, and is honored by clergy and people with a special form of religious observance
Paul Allard	Archaeologist and historian, b. at Rouen 15 September, 1841
Paul Atkinson of St. Francis	Notable confessor of the English Church
Paul Bachmann	Catholic theological controversialist (b. 1466)
Paul Cullen	Cardinal, Archbishop of Dublin, b. at Prospect, Co. Kildare, Ireland, April 29, 1803; d. at Dublin, October 24, 1878
Paul de Barry	Jesuit and writer (1587-1661)
Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve	Founder of Montreal, b. in Champagne, France, early in the seventeenth century; d. in Paris, Sept. 9, 1676
Paul de Sorbait	Physician, b. in Hainault, 1624; d. at Vienna, April 19, 1691
Paul Gabriel Antoine	Jesuit, French theologian (1678-1743)
Paul Godet des Marais	Bishop of Chartres; b. 1647; d. 1709.
Paul Heliae	Carmelite opponent of the Reformation in Denmark, b. at Warberg about 1480; d. after 1534
Paul Laymann	Famous Jesuit moralist, b. in 1574 at Arzl, near Innsbruck; d. of the plague on November 13, 1635, at Constance
Paul Majunke	Catholic journalist, b. July 14, 1842; d. May 21, 1899
Paul Maroni	Missionary, b. Nov. 1, 1695
Paul Melchers	Cardinal, Archbishop of Cologne, b. Jan. 6, 1813, at Munster, Westphalia; d. Dec. 14, 1895, at Rome
Paul of Burgos	A Spanish archbishop, lord chancellor and exegete, b. at Burgos about 1351; d. Aug. 29, 1435
Paul of Middelburg	Scientist and bishop, b. in 1446 at Middelburg, the ancient capital of the province of Zealand, belonging then to the German Empire, now to Holland; d. in Rome, December 12, 1534
Paul of Samosata	Bishop of Antioch
Paul of the Cross, Saint	B. at Ovada, Genoa, Italy, Jan. 3, 1694; d. in Rome, 18Oct., 1775
Paul Pelisson-Fontanier	A French writer, b. at Beziers in 1624, of Protestant parents; d. at Versailles, February 7, 1693
Paul Ragueneau	Jesuit missionary, b. in Paris, March 18, 1608; d. Sept. 8, 1680
Paul Scarron	French poet and dramatist, b. in Paris, July 4, 1610; d. October 7, 1660
Paul the Hermit, Saint	There are three important versions of the Life of St. Paul
Paul the Simple, Saint	Monk
Paul, Saint	The Apostle
Paul-Maximilien-Emile Littre	French lexicographer and philosopher; b. at Paris, February 1, 1801; d. there, June 2, 1881
Paul-Quentin Desains	Physicist, b. at St-Quentin, France, July 12, 1817; d. at Paris, May 3, 1885
Paul-without-the-Walls, Saint	Abbey nullius, as early 200 the burial place of the great Apostle in the Via Ostia

Paula, Saint	B. in Rome, 347; d. at Bethlehem, 404
Paulicians	A dualistic heretical sect, derived originally from Manichaeism
Paulin Martin	A French Biblical scholar, b. July 20, 1840; d. Jan. 14, 1890
Pauline Mallinckrodt	Foundress of the Sisters of Christian Charity; b. at Minden, Westphalia, June 3, 1817; d. at Paderborn, April 30, 1881
Pauline-Marie Jaricot	Founder of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith (1799-1862)
Paulinus a S. Bartholomaeo	Missionary and Orientalist, b. at Hoff in Lower Austria, Apr. 25, 1748; d. in Rome, Jan. 7, 1806
Paulinus II, Saint	Patriarch of Aquileia, b. at Premariacco, near Cividale, Italy, about 730-40; d. 802
Paulinus of Nola, Saint	Bishop of Nola (Pontius Meropius Anicius Paulinus), b. at Bordeaux about 354; d. June 22, 431
Paulinus of Pella	Christian poet of the fifth century; b. at Pella in Macedonia, but of a Bordelaise family
Paulinus, Saint (Archbishop of York)	Archbishop of York, d. at Rochester, Oct. 10, 644
Paulists	From the time that the abode and virtues of St. Paul the first hermit (q.v.) were revealed to St. Anthony, various communities of hermits adopted him as patron.
Paulus Barbus	Italian philosopher and theologian (d. 1494)
Paulus Bril	Flemish painter and engraver (1556-1626)
Paulus Diaconus	Historian, b. at Friuli about 720; d. April 13, probably 799
Paulus Jovius	Historian (1483-1552)
Paulus Orosius	Historian and Christian apologist; b. probably at Bracara, now Braga, in Portugal, between 380 and 390, the dates of birth and death not being precisely known
Paulus Venetus	Theologian of the Hermits of the Order of Saint Augustine, b. according to the chroniclers of his order, at Udine, about 1368; d. at Venice, June 15, 1428
Pavia	In Lombardy, Northern Italy
Pax	A tablet to be kissed
Pax in the Liturgy	Liturgical salutation
Peace Congresses	Meetings of representatives of different nations to obtain by peaceful arbitrament a settlement of differences
Peace of the Church	Designation usually applied to the condition of the Church after the publication at Milan in 313 by Emperor Constantine of an edict of toleration
Pearl Mary Teresa Craigie	Better known as John Oliver Hobbes, English novelist, dramatist, and convert; b. November 3, 1867; d. August 13, 1906
Peba Indians	The principal of a small group of cognate tribes
Pectoral	Breastplate
Pectorale	The name of the cross used by the pope, cardinals, bishops, abbots, and other prelates entitled to use the pontifical insignia
Pectorius of Autun	The name with which the important document frequently known as the Inscription of Autun concludes
Pednelissus	A titular see in Pamphylia Secunda, suffragan of Perge
Pedralvarez Cabral	Portuguese navigator, generally called the discoverer of Brazil, b. probably about 1460; date of death uncertain
Pedro Abarca	Theologian, b. in Aragon in 1619; d. 1 October, 1693
Pedro Angulo	Dominican (d. 1561)
Pedro Antonio de Alarcon	Novelist and poet, b. at Guadix, Spain, in 1833; d. at Valdemoro, near in 1891
Pedro Arias De Avila	Spanish knight from Segovia (d. 1530)
Pedro Calderon de la Barca	B. 1600; d. 1681; a. Spanish dramatist
Pedro Campana	Flemish painter, b. at Brussels in 1503; d. there in 1580
Pedro D'Alva y Astorga	Friar Minor, writer (end of the sixteenth century-1667)
Pedro da Fonseca	Philosopher and theologian, at Cortizada, Portugal, 1528; d. at Lisbon, Nov. 4, 1599
Pedro de Alvarado	Companion of Cortez and most famous of the superior officers of his army
Pedro De Anazco	Jesuit missionary (1550-1605)
Pedro de Betanzos	Franciscan missionary (d. 1570)

Pedro de Calatayud	Jesuit missionary, b. in Navarre, 1 Aug., 1689; d. in Bologna, 27 Feb., 1773
Pedro de Cordova	B. at Cordova, Andalusia, Spain, about 1460; d. on the Island of Santo Domingo, 1525
Pedro de Luna	Antipope under the name of Benedict XIII, b. at Illueca, Aragon, 1328; d. at the Peniscola, near Valencia, Spain, either Nov. 29, 1422, or May 23, 1423
Pedro de Ribadeneira	Preacher, also known for his literary works, b. at Toledo, of a noble Castilian family, Nov. 1, 1526 (Astrain, I, 206); d. Sept. 22, 1611
Pedro Diaz	Missionary, b. at Lupia, Diocese of Toledo, Spain, in 1546; d. in Mexico, Jan. 12, 1618
Pedro Gonzalez de Mendoza	Cardinal and Primate of Spain, b. at Guadalajara, May 3, 1428; d. there, January 11, 1495
Pedro Nunez	Mathematician and astronomer, b. at Alcacer-do-Sol, 1492; d. at Coimbra, 1577
Pelagia	The name of several saints
Pelagius and Pelagianism	Founder of 5th century heresy which denied original sin and Christian grace
Pella	A titular see and suffragan of Scythopolis in Palstina Secunda
Pellegrino Rossi	Publicist, diplomat, economist, and statesman, b. at Carrara, Italy, July 13, 1787, assassinated at Rome, November 15, 1848
Pellegrino Tibaldi	Decorator, mural painter, and architect, b. 1527; d. about 1592
Pelusium	Titular metropolitan see of Augustamnica Prima in Egypt
Penal Laws	Penal legislation affecting Catholics in English-speaking countries since the Reformation
Penance	Designates (1) a virtue; (2) a sacrament of the New Law; (3) a canonical punishment inflicted according to the earlier discipline of the Church; (4) a work of satisfaction enjoined upon the recipient of the sacrament
Penelakut Indians	A small tribe of Salishan stock
Penitential Canons	Rules laid down by councils or bishops concerning the penances to be done for various sins
Penitential Orders	A general name for religious congregations whose members are bound to perform extraordinary works of penance, or to provide others with the means of atoning for grave faults
Penitential Redemptions	The substitution of exercises (especially alms-deeds), either easier or extending over a shorter period, for works of penance imposed according to the penitential canons
Pennsylvania	The state
Penobscot Indians	The principal tribe of the famous Abnaki confederacy of Maine
Pentacomia	Titular see of Palestine, suffragan of Areopolis or Rabbah
Pentapolis	The region where stood the five cities--Sodom, Gomorrha, Segor, Adama, Seboim--which united to resist the invasion of Chodorlahomor (Gen., xiv), and of which four were shortly after utterly destroyed
Pentateuch	The first five books of the Old Testament
Pentateuch (Biblical Commission)	Some decisions of the Biblical Commission
Peoria Indians	A principal tribe of the confederated Illinois Indians
Pepin the Short	Mayor of the Palace of the whole Frankish kingdom (both Austrasia and Neustria), and later King of the Franks; b. 714; d. at St. Denis, Sept. 24, 68
Peregrinus	The canons of Priscillian, prefixed to the Epistles of St. Paul in many (chiefly Spanish) MSS., are preceded by an introduction headed 'Procemium sancti Peregrini episcopi in epistolas Pauli Apostoli', in which it is explained that the canons were not wri
Pergamus	Titular see, suffragan of Ephesus
Perge	Titular metropolitan see in Pamphylia Secunda
Pericui Indians	A rude and savage tribe, of unknown linguistic affinity, formerly occupying the extreme southern end of the peninsula of California
Periodi	The name under which the Pseudo-Clementine writings are quoted by Epiphanius, Jerome, and the 'Philocalia'
Periodical Literature (The United States)	According to
Perjury	The crime of taking a false oath
Perpetual Adoration	Uninterrupted adoration of the Blessed Sacrament
Perpetual Adorers of the Blessed Sacrament	The first order exclusively devoted to the practice of Perpetual Adoration
Perpetuus, Saint	Eighth Bishop of Tours, d. January 1, or December 8, 490, or April 8, 491
Persecution	The unlawful coercion of another's liberty or his unlawful punishment, for not every kind of punishment can be regarded as persecution
Persia	The history, religion, and civilization of Persia are offshoots from those of Media.
Person	Article discusses (1) the definition of 'person', especially with reference to the doctrine of the In-carnation; and (2) the use of the word persona and its Greek equivalents in connection with the Trinitarian disputes

Personality	(1) of the physical constituents of personality in accordance with the scholastic theory; (2) of concepts of personality that conflict with the theory; (3) of abnormalit
Peru	A republic on the west coast of South America, founded in 1821 after the war of independence, having been a Spanish colony
Perugia	In Umbria, Central Italy
Perugino (Pietro Vannucci)	Italian painter, founder of the Umbrian school, b. at Citth della Pieve in 1446; d. at Fontignano near Perugia in February, 1524
Pescennius Niger	Emperor of Rome (193-194)
Pessimism	The term pessimist is applied to persons who habitually take a melancholy view of life, to whom painful experiences appeal with great intensity, and who have little corresponding appreciation of pleasurable ones
Pessinus	Titular see of Galatia Secunda
Pestalozzi and Pestalozzianism	Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, one of the greatest pioneers of modern education, b. at Zurich, Switzerland, January 12, 1746; d. at Brugg, February 17, 1827
Peter Abelard	Dialectician, philosopher, and theologian, b. 1079; d. 1142.
Peter Aloys Gratz	Schoolmaster and exegete, b. 1769; d. 1849
Peter Ambarach	Maronite Orientalist (1663-1742)
Peter Augustine Baines	Titular Bishop of Siga (1787-1843)
Peter Baptist and Twenty-five Companions, Saints	D. at Nagasaki, Feb. 5, 1597
Peter Blomevenna	Carthusian (1466-1536)
Peter Canisius, Blessed	B. at Nimwegen in the Netherlands, May 8, 1521; d. in Fribourg, November 21, 1597
Peter Cantor	Theologian, b. probably at Gisberoi, near Beauvais, France; d. at Long Pont Abbey, Sept. 22, 1197
Peter Cellensis	Bishop of Chartres, b. of noble parentage in Champagne; d. at Chartres, February 20, 1183
Peter Chrysologus, Saint	B. at Imola, 406; d. there, 450
Peter Claver, Saint	The son of a Catalonian farmer, was b. at Verdu, in 1581; d. September 8, 1654
Peter Comestor	Theological writer, b. at Troyes, date unknown; d. at Paris about 1178
Peter Cornelius	B. at Dusseldorf, September 23, 1783; d. at Berlin, March 6, 1867
Peter Damian, Saint	Doctor of the Church, Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia, b. at Ravenna 'five years after the death of the Emperor Otto III,' 1007; d. at Faenza, Feb. 21, 1072
Peter de Blois	Statesman and theologian, b. at Blois about 1130; d. about 1203
Peter de Honestis	B. at Ravenna about 1049; d., March 29, 1119
Peter de Regalado, Saint	Friar Minor and reformer, b. at Valladolid, 1390; d. at Aguilera, March 30, 1456
Peter de Vinea	B. at Capua about 1190; d. 1249
Peter Dens	Theologian, b. at Boom, near Antwerp, Belgium, September 12, 1690; d. at Mechlin, February 15, 1775
Peter Donders	Missionary among the lepers, b. at Tilburg in Holland Oct. 27, 1807; d. Jan. 14, 1887
Peter Faber, Blessed	B. April 13, 1506, at Villaret, Savoy; d. Aug. 1, 1546, in Rome
Peter Fourier, Saint	Known as Le Bon Pere de Mattaincourt, b. at Mirecourt, Lorraine, Nov. 30, 1565; d. at Gray, Haute-Saone, Dec. 9, 1640
Peter Fullo	Intruding Monophysite Patriarch of Antioch; d. 488
Peter Gallwey	One of the best-known London priests in his time; b. at Killarney, Nov. 13, 1820; d. in London, Sept. 23, 1906
Peter Gandolphy	Jesuit preacher; b. in London, July 26, 1779; d. at East Sheen, Surrey, July 9, 1821
Peter George Niger	Dominican theologian, preacher and controversialist, b. 1434 at Kaaden in Bohemia; d. between 1481 and 1484
Peter Gonzalez, Saint (Saint Elmo)	Popularly known as ST. Elmo, b. in 1190 at Astorga, Spain; d. April 15, 1246, at Tuy
Peter Hardeman Burnett	First American Governor of California, b. in Nashville, Tennessee, 15 Nov., 1807, of Virginian ancestry; d. at San Francisco, California, May 16, 1895
Peter Hasslacher	Preacher; b. at Coblenz, August 14, 1810; d. at Paris, July 5, 1876
Peter Hubert Evermode Backx	Second founder of the Norbertine Abbey of Tongerloo (1805-1868)
Peter Hutton	Priest, b. at Holbeck, Leeds, Yorkshire, England, June 29, 1811; d. at Ratcliffe, Leicestershire, England, Sept. 2, 1880
Peter Igneus, Blessed	An Italian monk of the Benedictine congregation of the Vallombrosians, and Cardinal-Bishop of Albano; d. c. 1089

Peter John Sullivan	Soldier, lawyer, b. March 15, 1821; d. March 2, 1883
Peter Joseph Arnoudt	Jesuit writer on spiritual subjects (1811-1865)
Peter Lambeck	Historian and librarian, b. at Hamburg; April 13, 1628; d. at Vienna, April 4, 1680
Peter Lombard	Theologian, b. at Novara (or perhaps Lumello), Italy, about 1100; d. about 1160-64
Peter Lombard (Archbishop of Armagh)	Archbishop of Armagh, b. at Waterford, about 1555; d. at Rome, 1625;
Peter Marchant	Theologian, b. in 1585; d. Nov. 11, 1661
Peter Martyr D'anghiera	Historian of Spain, b. February 2, 1457; d. in October, 1526
Peter Michael Brillmacher	German Jesuit (1542-1595)
Peter Mongus	Intruded Monophysite patriarch of Alexandria (d. 490)
Peter Nolasco, Saint	B. at Mas-des-Saintes-Puelles, near Castelnaudary, France, in 1189 (or 1182); d. at Barcelona, on Christmas Day, 1256 (or 1259)
Peter of Alcantara, Saint	B. at Alcantara, Spain, 1499; d. Oct. 18, 1562
Peter of Alexandria, Saint	Became Bishop of Alexandria in 300; martyred Nov., 311
Peter of Aquila	Friar Minor, theologian and bishop, b. at Aquila in the Abruzzi, Italy, towards the end of the thirteenth century; d. at Trivento, 1361
Peter of Arbues, Saint	B. in 1441 (or 1442); d. Sept. 17, 1485
Peter of Auvergne	Philosopher and theologian; d. after 1310
Peter of Bergamo	Theologian, date of birth unknown; d. at Placentia, in 1482
Peter of Montboissier, Blessed	He was the soul and the light of the General Council of Pisa (1134), born in Auvergne, about 1092; died at Cluny, December 25, 1156
Peter of Poitiers	French scholastic theologian, b. at Poitiers or in its neighborhood about 1130; d. in Paris in 1215
Peter of Sebaste, Saint	Bishop, b. about 340; d. 391
Peter of Verona, Saint	B. at Verona, 1206; d. near Milan, April 6, 1252
Peter Paludanus	Theologian and archbishop, b. in the County of Bresse, Savoy, about 1275; d. at Paris, 1342
Peter Paul Maria Alberdingk Thijm	B. Oct. 21, 1827, d. Feb. 1, 1904
Peter Paul Rubens	Eminent Flemish painter, b. at Siegen, Westphalia, June 28, 1577; d. at Antwerp, May 30, 1640
Peter Pazmany	Famous Hungarian ecclesiastic of the seventeenth century; d. March 19, 1637
Peter Philips	B. in England about 1560; date and place of death unknown
Peter Piel	Pioneer in the movement for reform of church music, b. at Kessewick, near Bonn, Aug. 12, 1835; d. at Boppard, on the Rhine, Aug. 21, 1904
Peter Ramus	Humanist and logician, b. at Cuth in Picardy, 1515; d. in Paris, 1572
Peter Reichensberger	Jurist and parliamentarian, b. at Coblenz, May 28, 1810; d. at Berlin, December 31, 1892
Peter Roh	Jesuit preacher, b. August 14, 1811; d. at Bonn, May 17, 1872
Peter Schoffer	Publisher and printer, b. at Gernsheim on the Rhine about 1425; d. at Mainzin 1503
Peter Skarga	Theologian and missionary, b. at Grojec, 1536; d. at Cracow, Sept. 27, 1612
Peter Snow, Venerable	English martyr, suffered at York, June 15, 1598, born at or near Ripon
Peter Stephen Duponceau	Jurist and linguist, b. June 3, 1760; d. April 1, 1844
Peter Talbot	Archbishop of Dublin, 1669-1680; b. at Malahide, Dublin, in 1620
Peter the Hermit	B. at Amiens about 1050; d. at the monastery of Neufmoutier (Liege), in 1115
Peter Urseolus, Saint	B. at Rivo alto, Province of Udina, 928; d. at Cuxa, January 10, 987
Peter Van de Velde	Painter, b. at Brussels, 1503; d. in that city in 1580
Peter van der Bosch	Bollandist (1686-1736)
Peter Van Hove	Friar Minor, lector in theology and exegete; b. at Rethy, in Campine (Belgium); d. at Antwerp, in 1793
Peter Vischer	Sculptor and metal founder, b. at Nuremberg about 1460; d. in 1529

Peter Walsh	Irish Franciscan, b. at Mooretown, County Kildare, about 1608; d. in London, March 15, 1688
Peter Wright, Venerable	Martyr, b. at Slipton, Northamptonshire, 1603; suffered at Tyburn, May 19, 1651
Peter, Apostle, Saint	Prince of the Apostles
Peter-Louis-Marie Chanel, Blessed	Missionary in Oceania, specifically the island of Fortuna
Peterborough Abbey	Benedictine monastery in Northamptonshire, England, known at first as Medeshamstede, was founded about 654 by Peada, King of the Mercians, who appointed as first abbot, Saxulf
Peterspence	Name traditionally given to an annual contribution or tribute (originally of a penny from each householder holding land of a certain value) paid to the exchequer of the Holy See by various peoples of Christendom
Petinessus	Titular sees in Galatia Secunda (Salutaris)
Petitions to the Holy See	Faculties, indults, dispensations, and other favors, the granting of which is reserved to the Holy See, must be asked by means of a petition in writing presented to the sovereign pontiff, regularly through the medium of one of the Sacred Congregations of
Petra	Titular metropolitan see of Palaestina Tertia
Petrobrusians	Heretics of the twelfth century so named from their founder Peter of Bruys
Petronilla, Saint	Virgin, probably martyred at Rome at the end of the first century
Petronius, Saint	Bishop of Bologna, date of birth unknown; d. before 450
Petrus Alfonsus	Converted Jew and controversialist, b. at Huesca, in the former Kingdom of Aragon, 1062; d. 1110
Petrus Bernardinus	Florentine heretic, b. at Florence about 1475; d. 1502
Petrus Boeri	French Benedictine canonist and bishop (d. ca. 1388)
Petrus de Natalibus	Bishop, author of a collection of lives of the saints; date of birth unknown; d. between 1400 and 1406
Petrus Diaconus	The name of several men of note in ecclesiastical history and literature
Petun Nation	One of the three great divisions of the Huron Indians
Pforta	A former Cistercian monastery (1137-1540), near Naumburg on the Saale in the Prussian province of Saxony
Phacusa	Titular see and suffragan of Pelusium, in Augustamnica Prima
Pharao	Title given in Sacred Scripture to the ancient kings of Egypt
Pharbaetus	Titular see and suffragan of Leontopolis, in Augustamnica Secunda
Pharisees	A politico-religious sect or faction among the adherents of later Judaism, that came into existence as a class about the third century B.C
Pharsalus	Titular see and suffragan of Larissa in Thessaly
Phaselis	Titular see in Lycia, suffragan of Myra
Phasga	Designates a mountain of the Abarim range
Phenomenalism	Any system of thought that has to do with appearances
Philadelphia	Philadelphia
Philanthropinism	The system of education educed from the ideas of Rousseau and of the German 'Enlightenment', and established by Basedow on the basis of 'philanthropy'
Philastrius, Saint	Bishop of Brescia, d. before 397
Philemon	A citizen of Colossae (q.v.), to whom St. Paul addressed a private letter, unique in the New Testament, which bears his name
Philibert de L' Orme	Architect, b. about 1512; d. 1570
Philibert de L'Orme	Celebrated architect of the French Renaissance, b. at Lyons, c. 1515 or a little later; d. at Paris, January 8, 1570
Philibert Vrau	Organizer of numerous Catholic activities; b. at Lille, Nov. 19, 1829; d. there, May 16, 1905
Philip Aranda	Jesuit theologian (1642-1695)
Philip Benizi, Saint	Propagator and fifth General of the Servite Order, b. at Florence, Italy, Aug. 15, 1233; d. at Todi, in Umbria, Aug. 23, 1285
Philip Faber	Theologian, philosopher, and noted commentator of Duns Scotus; b. in 1564, d. at Padua, Aug. 28, 1630
Philip Fisher	Missionary, b. in Madrid, 1595-6; d. in Maryland, U. S., 1652
Philip Henry Sheridan	Army general, b. at Albany, N. Y., 1. S. A., March 6, 1831; d. at Nonquitt, Mass., August 5, 1888
Philip Howard	Martyr, Earl of Arundel; b. at Arundel House, London, June 28, 1557; d. in the Tower of London, October 19, 1595

Philip II (King of France)	King of France, b. 22 or Aug. 25, 1165; d. at Mantes, July 14, 1223, son of Louis VII and Alix de Champagne
Philip II (King of Spain)	King of Spain, only son of the Emperor Charles V, and Isabella of Portugal, b. at Valladolid, May 21, 1527; d. at the Escorial, Sept. 13, 1598
Philip IV	Surnamed Le Bel (The Fair), King of France, b. at Fontainebleau, 1268; d. there, Nov. 29, 1314
Philip Michael Ellis	First Vicar Apostolic of the Western District, England b. in 1652; d. Nov. 16, 1726
Philip Neri, The Oratory of Saint	Italian, Spanish, English, and other communities, which follow the rule of St. Philip Neri
Philip O'Sullivan Beare	B. in Ireland, c. 1590; d. in Spain, 1660
Philip of Jesus, Saint	B. in Mexico, date unknown; d. at Nagasaki early in February, 1597
Philip of the Blessed Trinity	Discalced Carmelite, theologian, b. at Malaucene, near Avignon, 1603; d. at Naples, February 28, 1671
Philip Powel, Venerable	Martyr, b. at Tralon, Brecknockshire, Feb. 2, 1594 d. at Tyburn June 30, 1646
Philip Repington	Cardinal priest of the title of SS. Nereus and Achilleus, Bishop of Lincoln (1404-1419); died early in 1424
Philip Romolo Neri, Saint	Apostle of Rome, b. at Florence, Italy, July 22, 1515; d. May 27, 1595
Philip the Arabian	Emperor of Rome (244-249), the son of an Arab sheik, b. in Bosra
Philip Thomas Howard	Dominican and cardinal, b. at Arundel House, London, September 21, 1629; d. at Rome, June 17, 1694
Philip von Worndle	Of Adelsfried and Weierburg, major of a Tyrolese rifle-corps, commandant in the militia reserve, b. at Hotting-Innsbruck, July 9, 1755; d. at Linz, Austria, August 2, 1818
Philip, Saint	The Apostle
Philipp Melanchthon	Collaborator and friend of Luther, b. February 16, 1497; d. at Wittenberg, April 19, 1560
Philipp Veit	Painter, b. at Berlin, Feb. 13, 1793; d. at Mainz, Dec. 18, 1877
Philippe Alegambe	Jesuit historiographer, b. in Brussels, 22 January, 1592; d. in Rome, 6 September, 1652
Philippe Avril	Professor of philosophy, mathematics, and missionary to China (1654-1698)
Philippe de Commines	French historian and statesman (d. about 1511)
Philippe de La Hire	Mathematician, astronomer, physicist, naturalist, and painter, b. in Paris, March 18, 1640; d. in Paris, April 21, 1718
Philippe de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil	Governor of Canada, b. in Languedoc, France, in the first half of the seventeenth century, of Louis R. de Vaudreuil and Marie de Chateau-Verdun; d. at Quebec, October 10, 1725
Philippe Du Contant de La Molette	Theologian and Biblical scholar (1737-1793)
Philippe Labbe	Jesuit writer (1607-1667)
Philippe Pierson	B. at Ath, Hainaut (Belgium), January 4, 1642; d. at Lorette, Quebec, 1688
Philippe-Andre Grandidier	Priest and historian: b. 1752; d. 1787
Philippe-Aubert de Gaspe	A French Canadian writer, b. at Quebec, Oct. 30, 1786, of a family ennobled by Louis XIV in 1693; d. Jan. 29, 1871.
Philippe-Charles-Jean-Baptiste Tronson Du Coudray	Soldier, b. September 8, 1738; d. September 11, 1777
Philippi (Macedonian town)	A Macedonian town, on the borders of Thracia
Philippi (titular metropolitan see)	A titular metropolitan see in Macedonia
Philippine Islands	The islands are washed by the China Sea on the north and west, the Pacific Ocean on the east, and the Sea of Celebes on the south.
Philippine-Rose Duchesne	Founder in America of the first houses of the Society of the Sacred Heart, b. August 29, 1769; d. October 18, 1852
Philippopolis (titular metropolitan see)	Titular metropolitan see of Thracia Secunda
Philippopolis (titular see in Arabia)	Titular see in Arabia, suffragan of Bostra
Philistines	The inhabitants of the maritime plain of Palestine from the time of the Judges onward
Philo Judaeus	B. about 25 B.C. His family, of a sacerdotal line, was one of the most powerful of the populous Jewish colony of Alexandria
Philomelium	Titular see in Pisidia, suffragan of Antioch
Philomena, Saint	A young maiden; martyr
Philosophy	I. Definition of Philosophy. II. Division of Philosophy. III. The Principal Systematic Solutions. IV. Philosophical Methods. V. The Great Historical Currents of Thought. VI. Contemporary Orientations. VII. Is Progress in Philosophy Indefinite, or Is there
Philosophy of Common Sense	(1) a special faculty, the sensus communis of the Aristotelean and Scholastic philosophy; (2) the sum of original principles found in all normal minds

Philoxenus	B. at Tahal, in the Persian province of Beth-Garmai in the second quarter of the fifth century; d. at Gangra, in Paphlagonia, 523
Phocaea	Titular see in Asia, suffragan of Ephesus
Phoenicia	A narrow strip of land, about one hundred and fifty miles long and thirty miles wide, shut in between the Mediterranean on the west and the high range of Lebanon on the east, and consisting mostly of a succession of narrow valleys, ravines, and hills, the
Photinus	Heretic of the fourth century, a Galatian and deacon to Marcellus, Metropolitan of Ancyra; d. 376
Photius of Constantinople	Chief author of the great schism between East and West
Phylacteries	The word occurs only once in the New Testament (Matt., xxiii, 5)
Physical Effects of Abortion	Medical aspects of abortion
Physical Effects of Abstinence From Meat	Medical aspects of abstinence from meat
Physiocrats	School of writers on political and economic subjects that flourished in France in the second half of the eighteenth century
Physiological Assimilation	Vital function by which an organism changes nutrient material into living protoplasm
Physiologus	An early Christian work of a popular theological type, describing animals real or fabulous and giving each an allegorical interpretation
Piacenza	Diocese and University; located in central Italy
Piatto Cardinalizio	An allowance granted by the pope to cardinals residing in curia or otherwise employed in the service of the Church, to enable them to maintain their dignity with decorum
Pichler	A renowned Austrian family of gem-cutters who lived and died in Italy
Picture Bibles	Medieval catechetical tools
Piedmont	A part of northern Italy
Pier Paolo Vergerio, The Elder	Humanist, statesman, and canonist, b. at Capodistria, July 23, 1370; d. at Budapest, July 8, 1444 or 1445
Pierfrancesco Scarampi	Oratorian, papal envoy, b. of a noble and ancient family in the Duchy of Monferrato, Piedmont, 1596; d. at Rome, Oct. 14, 1656
Pierius	Priest and probably head master of the catechetical school at Alexandria conjointly with Achillas, flourished while Theonas was bishop of that city; d. at Rome after 309
Piero da San Sepolcro	Painter, b. at Borgo San Sepolcro, about 1420; d. there, 1492
Pierre Bailloquet	Missionary among the Indians of Canada (1612-1631)
Pierre Bedard	French-Canadian lawyer and member of the Assembly of Lower Canada, b. November 13, 1762; d. April 26, 1829
Pierre Belain Sieur d'Esnambuc	Captain in the French marine, b. 1565, d. Dec., 1636
Pierre Bercheure	French Benedictine (1290-1362)
Pierre Berenger	French writer (twelfth century)
Pierre Berland	Archbishop of Bordeaux (1375-1457)
Pierre Bertrand	French cardinal, theologian, canonist (1280 - ca. 1349)
Pierre Biard	Jesuit missionary (1567-1622)
Pierre Boucher	Jesuit (1622-1717)
Pierre Brugiere	French priest, Jansenist, and Juror, b. at Thiers, 3 Oct., 1730; d. at Paris, 7 Nov., 1803
Pierre Brumoy	B. at Rouen in Normandy, 1688; entered the Society of Jesus in 1704; d. in Paris, 1742
Pierre Busee	Jesuit theologian, b. at Nimwegen in 1540; d. at Vienna in 1587
Pierre Cally	Philosopher and theologian, b. at Mesnil-Hubert, department of Orne, France, date of birth uncertain; d. December 31, 1709
Pierre Chaignon	Jesuit, spiritual director of priests (1791-1883)
Pierre Charron	Moralist (1541-1603)
Pierre Chastellain	Jesuit missionary among the Huron Indians (1606-1684)
Pierre Cholonec	Jesuit; biographer and French missionary among the Canadian Indians (1641-1723)
Pierre Corneille	French dramatist (1606-1684)
Pierre Coton	A celebrated French Jesuit, b. March 7, 1564, at Neronde in Forez; d. March 19, 1626, at Paris
Pierre Coustant	Benedictine of the Congregation of Saint-Maur, b. France, April 30, 1654; d. at the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Pres, October 18, 1721

Pierre D'Ailly	French theologian and philosopher, bishop and cardinal, b. 1350 at Compiegne; d. probably 1420 at Avignon
Pierre d'Aubusson	Grand Master of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem (1423-1503)
Pierre de Berulle	Cardinal, founder of French Oratory (1575-1629)
Pierre de Bourdeille Brantome	French writer (ca. 1539-1614)
Pierre de Castelnau, Blessed	B. in the Diocese of Montpellier, Languedoc, now Department of Herault, France; d., Jan. 15, 1208
Pierre de Lauzon	Missionary of New France in the eighteenth century, b. at Poitiers, Sept. 26, 1687; d. at Quebec, Sept. 5, 1742
Pierre de Marca	French bishop and scholar, b. at Gan in Bearn, Jan. 24, 1594; d. at Paris, June 29, 1662
Pierre de Maricourt	Surnamed Peter the Pilgrim (Petrus Peregrinus), physician of the Middle Ages
Pierre de Ronsard	French poet, b. 2 (or 11) Sept., 1524, d. Dec. 27, 1585
Pierre de Voyer D'Argenson	Fifth Governor-General of Canada 1657-1661 (1626-1710)
Pierre Denaut	Tenth Bishop of Quebec, b. at Montreal, July 20, 1743; d. at Longueuil in 1806
Pierre Dore	Controversialist, b. at Orleans about 1500; d. at Paris, May 19, 1559
Pierre Du Jarric	Jesuit, missionary, writer (1566-1617)
Pierre Francois Xavier de Ram	B. at Louvain Sept. 2, 1804; d. there May 14, 1865; Belgian historian and rector of the Catholic University of Louvain
Pierre Gassendi	French philosopher and scientist; b. at Champtercier, a country place near Digne in Provence, January 22, 1592 (tombstone says IX cal. Feb., i.e. Jan. 24); d. at Paris, October 24, 1655
Pierre Gaultier de Varennes Laverendrye	Discoverer of the Canadian West, b. at Three Rivers, Quebec, Nov. 17, 1685; d. at Montreal, Dec. 6, 1749
Pierre Gibault	Missionary, b. at Montreal, Canada, 1737; d. at New Madrid, about 1804
Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard	Soldier,b. near New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A., May 28, 1818; d. there February 20, 1893
Pierre Helyot	B. at Paris, in 1660; d. there January 5, 1716
Pierre Heude	Missionary to China and zoologist; b. June 25, 1836; d. January 3, 1902
Pierre Jean Olivi	Spiritual Franciscan and theological author, b. at Serignan, Diocese of Beziers, 1248-9; d. at Narbonne, March 14, 1298
Pierre Lagrene	Missionary in New France, b. at Paris, Nov. 12, 1659; d. 1736
Pierre Le Moyne Iberville	Founder of the colony of Louisiana, b. at Villemarie, Montreal, July 16, 1661; d. at Havana, July 9, 1706
Pierre Lescot	One of the greatest architects of France in the pure Renaissance style, b. at Paris about 1510; d. there, 1571
Pierre Mignard	French painter, b. at Troyes, November 7, 1612; d. at Paris, May 30, 1695
Pierre Millet	Celebrated early Jesuit missionary in New York State, b. at Bourges, France, November 19, 1635 ; d. at Quebec, December 31, 1708
Pierre Nicole	Theologian and controversialist, b. October 19, 1625, at Chartres; d. November 16, 1695, at Paris
Pierre Olivaint	B. in Paris, Feb. 22, 1816
Pierre Paul Royer-Collard	Philosopher and French politician, b. at Sompuis (Marne), June 21, 1763; d. at Chateauvieux (Loire et Cher), September 4, 1845
Pierre Pithou	Writer, b. at Troyes, Nov. 1, 1539; d. at Nogent-sur-Seine, Nov. 1, 1596
Pierre Play	French economist, b. at La Riviere (Calvados), April 11, 1806; d. at Paris, April 5, 1882
Pierre Puget	Painter, sculptor, architect, and naval constructor, b. at Marseilles, Oct. 31, 1622; d. there Dec. 2, 1694
Pierre Puvis de Chavannes	French painter, b. at Lyons, Dec. 14, 1824; d. at Paris, Oct. 24, 1898
Pierre Raffeix	Missionary, b. at Clermont, 1633; d. at Quebec, 1724
Pierre Sylvain Regis	B. at La Salvetat de Blanquefort, near Agen, in 1632; d. in Paris, in 1707
Pierre Talon	A French-Canadian explorer, b. 1676; d. in the first half of the eighteenth century
Pierre Tarisel	Master-mason to the king, b. about 1442; d. in August, 1510
Pierre Vernier	Inventor of the instrument which bears his name, b. at Ornans, Franche-Comte, c. 1580; d. there, Sept. 14, 1637
Pierre Willems	Philologist, b. at Maestricht, Jan. 6, 1840; d. at Louvain, Feb. 23, 1898
Pierre-Andre Latreille	Prominent French zoologist; b. at Brives, November 29, 1762; d. in Paris, Feb. 6, 1833

Pierre-Antoine Berryer	French advocate, orator, and statesman (1790-1868)
Pierre-Charles L'enfant	Engineer, b. in France, August, 1755; d. near Bladensburg, Maryland, U.S.A., June 4, 1833
Pierre-Charles-Fancois Dupin	French mathematician and economist, b. October 6, 1784; d. January 18, 1873
Pierre-daniel Huet	A distinguished savant and celebrated French bishop; b. February 8, 1630; d. at Paris, January 26, 1721
Pierre-Guarin de Tencin	French statesman and cardinal, b. August 22, 1680; d. March 2, 1758
Pierre-Herman Dosquet	Fourth Bishop of Quebec, b. at Liege, Flanders, 1691; d. at Paris, 1777
Pierre-Jean Beckx	Twenty-second General of the Society of Jesus, b. February 8, 1795; d. March 4, 1887
Pierre-Jean de Smet	Missionary among the North American Indians, b. at Termonde (Dendermonde), Belgium, Jan. 30, 1801; d. at St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A., May 23, 1873
Pierre-Joseph Chaumonot	Jesuit missionary in New York and Canada (1611-1693)
Pierre-Joseph Desault	Surgeon and anatomist, b. at Magny-Vernois a small town of Franche-Comte, France, in 1744; d. June 1, 1795
Pierre-Joseph Pelletier	B. in Paris, March 22, 1788; d. there, July 19, 1842
Pierre-Joseph Van Beneden	B. at Mechlin, Belgium, Dec. 19, 1809; d. at Louvain, Jan. 8, 1894
Pierre-Joseph-Octave Chauveau	Canadian statesman (1820-1890)
Pierre-Julien Eymard	Founder of the Society of the Blessed Sacrament, and of the Servants of the Blessed Sacrament, b. Feb. 4, 1811; d. Aug. 1, 1868
Pierre-Lamberts Goossens	Cardinal, Archbishop of Michlin (Belgium) b. 1827; d. 1906
Pierre-Louis-Marie Chanel, Blessed	Protomartyr of Oceanica (1803-1841)
Pierre-Martial Cibot	Jesuit missionary (1727-1780)
Pierre-Rose-Ursule-Dumoulin Borie	Missionary priest and martyr (1808-1838)
Pierre-Sebastien Laurentie	French publicist; b. at Houga, in the Department of Gers, France, January 21, 1793; d. February 9, 1876
Pierre-Simon Laplace	Mathematical and physical astronomer, b. in March 1749; d. March 5, 1827
Pierre-Suzanne-Augustin Cochin	Writer; mayor of the tenth district of Paris (1823-1872)
Pietism	Movement within the ranks of Protestantism, originating in the reaction against the fruitless Protestant orthodoxy of the seventeenth century, and aiming at the revival of devotion and practical Christianity
Pietro Alagona	Theologian, b. at Syracuse, 1549; d. in Rome, 19 October, 1624
Pietro Alfieri	Priest and at one time a Camaldolese monk, b. at Rome, June, 1801; d. there 12 June
Pietro Bembo	Italian scholar and cardinal (1470-1547)
Pietro Berrettini	Italian painter, architect, and writer (1596-1669)
Pietro Caperolo	Friar Minor, date of birth unknown; d. at Velletri in 1480;
Pietro Castelli	Italian physician and botanist, b. at Rome in 1574; d. at Messina in 1662
Pietro Colonna Galatino	Friar Minor, philosopher, theologian, Orientalist; b. at Galatia (now Cajazzo) in Apulia; d. at Rome, soon after 1539
Pietro Delfino	Theologian, b. at Venice in 1444; d. Jan. 16, 1525
Pietro Della Valle	Italian traveller in the Orient, b. at Rome, April 2, 1586; d. there, April 21, 1652
Pietro Francesco Mazzuchelli	Milanese painter, b. at Moranzone near Milan, either in 1571 or 1575; d. at Piacenza in 1626
Pietro Giannone	Italian historian, b. 1676; d. 1748
Pietro Luigi Galletti	Benedictine, historian and archaeologist; b. at Rome in 1724; d. there, December 13, 1790
Pietro Maria Gazzaniga	Theologian, b. at Bergamo, Italy, March 3, 1722; d. at Vicenza, Dec. 11, 1799
Pietro Metastasio	Italian poet, b. at Rome,1698; d. at Vienna, 1782
Pietro Pomponazzi	Philosopher and founder of the Aristotelean-Averroistic School, b. at Mantua, 1462; d. at Bologna, 1525
Pietro Sforza Pallavicino	Cardinal, b. Nov. 28, 1607; d. June 5, 1667
Pilgrimage of Grace	Religious rising in the north of England, 1536. The cause of this great popular movement, which extended over five counties and found sympathizers all over England, was attributed by Robert Aske
Pilgrimages	Journeys made to some place with the purpose of venerating it, or in order to ask there for supernatural aid, or to discharge some religious obligation

Piligrim	Bishop of Passau, date of birth unknown; d. May 20, 991
Pillar of Cloud	A cloud which accompanied the Israelites during their wandering
Pima Indians	An important tribe of southern Arizona
Pinara	Titular see in Lycia, suffragan of Myra
Pinturicchio	Surnamed Pinturiccijio, b. at Verona, about 1454; d. at Siena, December 11, 1513
Pionius, Saint	Martyred at Smyrna, March 12, 250
Pious Fund of the Californias, The	Had its origin, in 1697, in voluntary donations made by individuals and religious bodies in Mexico to members of the Society of Jesus, to enable them to propagate the Catholic Faith in the territory then known as California
Pious Society of Missions, The	Founded by Ven. Vincent Mary Pallotti in 1835
Pious Workers of Saint Joseph Calasanctius	Religious congregation founded by Anton Maria Schwartz
Pirkheimer	Charitas and Willibald
Piro Indians	A tribe of considerable importance ranging by water for a distance of three hundred miles along the upper Ucayali (Tambo) River, and its affluents, the Apurimac and Urubamba, Department of Loreto, in northeastern Peru
Pisa	In Tuscany, central Italy
Piscataway Indians	A tribe of Algonquian linguistic stock
Piscina	Liturgical basin
Pisidia	A country in the southwestern part of Asia Minor, between the high Phrygian tableland and the maritime plain of Pamphilia
Pityus	A titular see in Pontus Polemoniacus, suffragan of Neocaesarea
Pius Bonifacius Gams	Ecclesiastical historian, b. all the ancient canons on the subject to be observed, at Mittelbuch, Wurtemberg, January 23, 1816; d. at Munich, May 14, 1892
Pius Melia	Italian theologian, b. at Rome, Jan. 12, 1800; d. in London, June, 1883
Pius Zingerle	Celebrated Orientalist, b. at Meran, in the Tyrol, March 17, 1801; d. at the Abbey of Marienberg near Meran, January 10, 1881
Piusverein	Catholic associations in various countries of Europe
Placide-Louis Chapelle	Archbishop of New Orleans (1842-1905)
Placidus Bocken	German Benedictine, canonist (1690-1752)
Placidus Braun	Bavarian historian (1756-1829)
Placidus Fixlmillner	Astronomer, b. at Achleuthen near Kremsmunster, Austria, in 1721; d. at Kremsmunster, August 27, 1791
Placidus, Saint	Disciple of St. Benedict, the son of the patrician Tertullus, was brought as a child to St. Benedict at Sublaqueum (Subiaco) and dedicated to God as provided for in chapter lxix of St. Benedict's Rule
Plagues of Egypt	Ten calamities inflicted on the Egyptians to overcome Pharaoh's obstinacy and force him to let the Israelites leave Egypt
Plain Chant	Church music of the early Middle Ages, before the advent of polyphony
Plants in the Bible	Types of plants in scripture
Plato and Platonism	Philosopher; born at Athens in 428 or 427 B.C.
Plegmund	Archbishop of Canterbury, d. Aug. 2, 914
Plenarium	Book of formulae and texts
Plenary Council	Canonical term applied to various kinds of ecclesiastical synods
Plenary Councils of Baltimore	Overview of three councils held in 1852, 1866, and 1884
Pluscarden Priory	Founded in 1230 by Alexander III, King of Scotland
Plymouth Brethren	A widespread Protestant sect
Pneumatomachi	Heretical sect which flourished in the countries adjacent to the Hellespont during the latter half of the fourth, and the beginning of the fifth century
Pogla	Titular see in Pamphylia secunda
Pol De Limbourg	French miniaturist, he flourished at Paris at the end of the fourteenth and the beginning of the fifteenth century
Poland	Poland
Polemonium	Titular see in Pontus Polemoniacus, suffragan of Neocaesarea

Poles in the United States	Polish immigration
Polidoro (da Caravaggio) Caldara	An Italian painter, b. at Caravaggio, 1492 (or 1495); d. at Messina, 1543
Politian	Italian Humanist, b. at Monte Pulciano in 1454; d. at Florence in 1494
Political Economy, Science of	Economics is the social science which treats of man's activities in providing the material means to satisfy his wants
Polybotus	Titular see in Phrygia Salutaris, suffragan of Synnada
Polycarp, Saint	Martyr (A.D. 69-155)
Polycarpus	Title of a canonical collection in eight books composed in Italy by Cardinal Gregorius
Polydore Vergil	B. at Urbino about 1470; d. there probably in 1555
Polyglot Bibles	The first Bible which may be considered a Polyglot is that edited at Altar. (in Latin Complutum, hence the name Complutensian Bible), Spain, in 1502-17, under the supervision and at the expense of Cardinal Ximenes, by scholars of the university founded in
Polystylum	Titular see of Macedonia Secunda, suffragan of Philippi
Polytheism	The belief in, and consequent worship of, many gods
Pomaria	Titular see in Mauretania Casarea
Pomerania	A Prussian province on the Baltic Sea
Pompeiopolis	Titular see in Paphiagonia
Pompeo Marchesi	A Lombard sculptor of the neo-classic school, b. August 7, 1790; d. February 6; 1858
Pomponius Laetus	Humanist (1425-1497)
Pontefract Priory	In Yorkshire, England, a Cluniac monastery dedicated to St. John the Evangelist, founded about 1090 by Robert de Lacy, as a dependency of the Abbey of la Charite-sur-Loire, which supplied the first monks
Pontifical Audiences	Receptions given by the pope to those having business with or interest in the Holy See
Pontifical Colleges	In earlier times there existed in Europe outside of the city of Rome a large number of colleges, seminaries, and houses of the regular orders which, in one form or other, were placed under the Holy See or under the Sacred Congregation de propaganda fide
Pontifical Decorations	Pontifical Decorations
Pontifical Indult	General faculties granted by the Holy See to bishops and others, of doing something not permitted by the common law
Pontifical Mass	The solemn Mass celebrated by a bishop with the ceremonies prescribed in the 'Caeremoniale Episcoporum', I and II
Pontificale	A liturgical book which contains the rites for the performance of episcopal functions (e.g. conferring of confirmation and Holy orders), with the exception of Mass and Divine Office
Pontificalia	The collective name given for convenience sake to those insignia of the episcopal order which of right are worn by bishops alone
Pontius Carbonell	B. at Barcelona, c. 1250; d. c. 1320. Pontius and Carbonell are names frequently met with in Spain, especially in Catalonia
Pontius Pilate	Roman procurator
Pontus	The north-eastern province of Asia Minor
Pools in Scripture	In the English Bibles, the word pool stands for three Hebrew words: (1) 'agam; (2) miqveh; (3) berekah
Poor Brothers of Saint Francis Seraphicus	Congregation of lay brothers of the Third Order of St. Francis; work with orphans and the poor
Poor Catholics	Religious mendicant order, organized in 1208, to reunite the Waldenses with the Church and combat the current heresies, especially the Albigensian
Poor Clares	The Second Order of St. Francis
Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ	A community founded by Catherine Kasper, a native of Dernbach, Germany
Poor Laws	Those legal enactments which have been made at various periods of the world's history in many countries for the relief of various forms of distress and sickness prevailing amongst the destitute
Poor Servants of the Mother of God	A religious congregation founded in 1808 by Mother Mary Magdalen Taylor in conjunction with Lady Georgiana Fullerton (q.v.). Mother M. Magdalen was the daughter of a Church of England clergyman
Pope	Bishop of Rome, who, in virtue of his position as successor of St. Peter, is the chief pastor of the whole Church, the Vicar of Christ upon earth
Pope Adeodatus, Saint	Reigned 672-676
Pope Adrian I	Reigned from about 1 February, 772, till 25 December, 795
Pope Adrian II	Reigned 867-872
Pope Adrian III, Saint	Reigned 884-885
Pope Adrian IV	Reigned 1154-1159

Pope Adrian V	Reigned July-August 1276
Pope Adrian VI	Reigned 1522-1523
Pope Agapetus I, Saint	Reigned 535-536
Pope Agapetus II	Reigned 946-955
Pope Agatho, Saint	Reigned 678-681
Pope Alexander I, Saint	Reigned c. 106-115
Pope Alexander II	Reigned 1061-1073
Pope Alexander III	Reigned 1159-1181
Pope Alexander IV	Reigned 1254-1261
Pope Alexander V	Reigned 1409-1410
Pope Alexander VI	Reigned 1492-1503
Pope Alexander VII	Reigned 1655-1667
Pope Alexander VIII	Reigned 1689-1691
Pope Anacletus, Saint	Reigned 76-88
Pope Anastasius I, Saint	Reigned 399-401
Pope Anastasius II	Reigned 496-498
Pope Anastasius III	Reigned 911-913
Pope Anastasius IV	Reigned 1153-1154
Pope Anicetus, Saint	Reigned 157-168
Pope Anterus, Saint (Anteros)	Reigned 235-236
Pope Benedict XI, Blessed	Reigned 1303-1304
Pope Benedict XII	Reigned 1334-1342
Pope Benedict XIII	Reigned 1724-1730
Pope Benedict XIV	Reigned 1740-1758
Pope Boniface I, Saint	Reigned: 418-422
Pope Boniface II	Reigned: 530-532
Pope Boniface IX	Reigned: 1389-1404
Pope Boniface VIII	Reigned: 1294-1303
Pope Callistus I	Reigned 218-223
Pope Callistus II	Reigned 1119-1124
Pope Callistus III	Reigned 1455-1458
Pope Celestine I, Saint	Reigned 422-432
Pope Celestine II	Reigned 1143-1144
Pope Celestine III	Reigned 1191-1198
Pope Celestine IV	Reigned 1241
Pope Celestine V, Saint	Reigned 1294
Pope Christopher	Reigned (903-904)
Pope Clement I, Saint	Reigned 88-97
Pope Clement II	Reigned 1046-1047
Pope Clement III	Reigned 1187-1191

Pope Clement IV	Reigned 1265-1268
Pope Clement IX	Reigned 1667-1669
Pope Clement V	Reigned 1305-1314
Pope Clement VI	Reigned 1342-1352
Pope Clement VII	Reigned 1523-1534
Pope Clement VIII	Reigned 1592-1605
Pope Clement X	Reigned 1670-1676
Pope Clement XI	Reigned 1700-1721
Pope Clement XII	Reigned 1730-1740
Pope Clement XIII	Reigned 1758-1769
Pope Clement XIV	Reigned 1769-1774
Pope Cletus, Saint	Reigned 76-88
Pope Conon	Reigned 686-687
Pope Constantine	Reigned 708-715
Pope Cornelius	Martyr, Reigned (251 to 253)
Pope Damasus I, Saint	Reigned 366-383
Pope Damasus II	Reigned 1048
Pope Deusdedit, Saint	Reigned 615-618
Pope Dionysius, Saint	Reigned 260-268; date of birth unknown d. 26 or December 27, 268
Pope Donus	Son of a Roman called Mauritius; he was consecrated Bishop of Rome Nov. 2, 676, to succeed Adeodatus II
Pope Eleutherius, Saint	Native of Nicopolis, Greece, became pope about 174
Pope Eusebius, Saint	Successor of Marcellus, firm defender of ecclesiastical discipline, reigned four months
Pope Eutychianus, Saint	Reigned from 275-283, successor of Pope Felix I
Pope Evaristus, Saint	Reigned from about 98-107, fourth successor of St. Peter, date of birth unknown; d. about 107
Pope Fabian, Saint	Reigned from 236-250, extraordinary circumstances of whose election is related by Eusebius
Pope Felix I, Saint	Reigned 269-274
Pope Felix II	Antipope, 355-58; d. Nov. 22, 365
Pope Felix III (II), Saint	Reigned 483-492
Pope Felix IV (III)	Reigned 526-530
Pope Formosus	Reigned 891-896
Pope Gelasius I, Saint	Reigned 492-496
Pope Gelasius II	Reigned 1118-1119
Pope Gregory II, Saint	Pope (715-731)
Pope Gregory III, Saint	Pope (731-741)
Pope Gregory IX	B. about 1145: d. 1241
Pope Gregory VI	Pope (John Gratian)d. 1048
Pope Gregory VII, Saint	Pope; b. between the years 1020 and 1025, d. 1085,
Pope Gregory VIII	(Alberto di Morra); b. about the beginning of the twelfth century, d. 1187
Pope Hilarus, Saint	Reigned 461-468
Pope Honorius I	Reigned 625-638

Pope Honorius II	Reigned 1124-1130
Pope Honorius III	Reigned 1216-1227
Pope Honorius IV	Reigned 1285-1287
Pope Hormisdas, Saint	Reigned 514-523
Pope Hyginus, Saint	Reigned 138-142
Pope Innocent I	Reigned 401-417
Pope Innocent II	Reigned 1130-1143
Pope Innocent III	Reigned 1198-1216
Pope Innocent IV	Reigned 1243-1254
Pope Innocent IX	Reigned 1591
Pope Innocent V	Reigned 1276
Pope Innocent VI	Reigned 1352-1362
Pope Innocent VII	Reigned 1404-1406
Pope Innocent VIII	Reigned 1484-1492
Pope Innocent X	Reigned 1644-1655
Pope Innocent XI	Reigned 1676-1689
Pope Innocent XII	Reigned 1691-1700
Pope Innocent XIII	Reigned 1721-1724
Pope John I, Saint	(Reigned 523 - ca. 526)
Pope John II	(Reigned 533-535)
Pope John III	(Reigned 561-574)
Pope John IV	(Reigned 640-642)
Pope John IX	(Reigned 898-900)
Pope John V	(Reigned 685-686)
Pope John VI	(Reigned 701-705)
Pope John VII	(Reigned 705-707)
Pope John VIII	(Reigned 872-882)
Pope John X	(Reigned 914-928)
Pope John XI	(Reigned 931-936)
Pope John XII	(Reigned 955-964)
Pope John XIII	(Reigned 965-972)
Pope John XIV	(Reigned 983-984)
Pope John XIX (XX)	(Reigned 1024-1032)
Pope John XV (XVI)	(Reigned 985-996)
Pope John XVII (XVIII)	(Reigned 1003)
Pope John XVIII (XIX)	(Reigned 1003-1009)
Pope John XXI (XX)	(Reigned 1276-1277)
Pope John XXII	(Reigned 1316-1334)
Pope Julius I, Saint	(Reigned 337-352)
Pope Julius II	(Reigned 1503-1513)

Pope Julius III	(Reigned 1550-1555)
Pope Lando	Reigned 913-14, sixth month reign
Pope Leo I, Saint	Reigned 440-61; His pontificate was the most significant and important in Christian antiquity, place and date of birth unknown; d. November 10, 461
Pope Leo II, Saint	Reigned 682-83, date of birth unknown; d. June 28, 683
Pope Leo III, Saint	Reigned 795-816, date of birth unknown; d. 816
Pope Leo IV, Saint	Reigned 847-55, first to enclose the Vatican hill by a wall
Pope Leo IX, Saint	Reigned 1049-54, b. at Egisheim, near Colmar, on the borders of Alsace, June 21, 1002; d. April 19, 1054
Pope Leo V	No certainty either as to when he was elected or as to exactly how long he reigned, little is known of him
Pope Leo VI	Reigned seven months and five days during the latter half of 928, d. in February, 929
Pope Leo VII	Reigned 936-39, Roman and priest of St. Sixtus, and probably a Benedictine monk
Pope Leo VIII	Reigned 964-65, date of birth unknown; d. between February 20 and April 13, 965
Pope Leo X	Reigned 1513-1521, b. at Florence, December 11, 1475; d. at Rome, December 1, 1521
Pope Leo XI	Reigned 1605, b. at Florence in 1535; d. at Rome April 27, 1605
Pope Leo XII	Reigned 1823-29, b. August 22, 1760; d. in Rome, February 10, 1829
Pope Leo XIII	Reigned 1878-1903, wrote the Encyclical Rerum novarum, b. March 2, 1810, at Carpineto; d. July 20, 1903, at Rome
Pope Liberius	Reigned 352-66, confirmed the Nicene Faith in a council, and died in exile for the Faith
Pope Linus, Saint	Reigned about A.D. 64 or 67-76 or 79, ancient records place the name of Linus directly after St. Peter.
Pope Lucius I, Saint	Reigned 253-254
Pope Lucius II	Reigned 1144-1145
Pope Lucius III	Reigned 1181-1185
Pope Marcellinus, Saint	Reigned 296-304
Pope Marcellus I, Saint	Reigned 308-309
Pope Marcellus II	Reigned 1555 (22 days)
Pope Marinus I	Reigned 882-884
Pope Marinus II	Reigned 942-946
Pope Mark, Saint	Reigned 336
Pope Martin I, Saint	Reigned 649-655
Pope Martin IV	D. at Perugia March 28, 1285
Pope Martin V	B. 1368; d. February 20, 1431
Pope Miltiades, Saint	Reigned 310 or 311 -314, year of his birth is not known; died 10 or January 11, 314
Pope Nicholas I, Saint	Reigned 858-867
Pope Nicholas II	Reigned 1058-1061
Pope Nicholas III	Reigned 1277-1280
Pope Nicholas IV	Reigned 1288-1292
Pope Nicholas V	Reigned 1447-1455
Pope Paschal I	Reigned 817-824
Pope Paschal II	Reigned 1099-1118
Pope Paul I	Reigned 757-767
Pope Paul II	Reigned 1464-1471
Pope Paul III	Reigned 1534-1549

Pope Paul IV	Reigned 1555-1559
Pope Paul V	Reigned 1605-1621
Pope Pelagius I	Reigned 556-561
Pope Pelagius II	Reigned 579-590
Pope Pius I, Saint	Reigned 140-154
Pope Pius II	Reigned 1458-1464
Pope Pius III	Elected Pope September 22, 1503; d. in Rome, October 18, 1503, after a pontificate of four weeks
Pope Pius IV	Reigned 1559-1565
Pope Pius IX	Reigned 1846-78
Pope Pius V, Saint	Reigned 1566-1572
Pope Pius VI	Reigned 1775-1799
Pope Pius VII	Reigned 1800-1823
Pope Pius VIII	Reigned 1829-1830
Pope Pius X	Reigned 1903-1914
Pope Pontian, Saint	Reigned 230-235
Pope Romanus	Of this pope very little is known with certainty, not even the date of his birth nor the exact dates of his consecration as pope and of his death
Pope Sabinianus	Reigned 604-606
Pope Sergius I, Saint	Date of birth unknown, d. Sept. 8, 701
Pope Sergius II	Reigned 844-847, date of birth unknown, d. Jan. 27, 847
Pope Sergius III	Reigned 904-911, date of birth unknown, d. April 14, 911
Pope Sergius IV	Reigned 1009-1012, date of birth unknown, d. May 12, 1012
Pope Severinus	Reigned 640-640, date of his birth is not known, died Aug. 2, 640
Pope Silverius, Saint	Dates of birth and death unknown
Pope Simplicius, Saint	Reigned 468-483, date of birth unknown; d. March 10, 483
Pope Siricius, Saint	Reigned 384-99, b. about 334; d. November 26, 399
Pope Sisinnius	Reigned 708-708, Successor of John VII, date of birth unknown; d. Feb. 4, 708
Pope Sixtus I, Saint	Reigned 117-126, succeeded St. Alexander and was followed by St. Telesphorus
Pope Sixtus II, Saint	Reigned 257-258, martyred at Rome, Aug. 6, 258
Pope Sixtus III, Saint	Reigned 432-440, previous to his accession he was prominent among the Roman clergy and in correspondence with St. Augustine
Pope Sixtus IV	Reigned 1471-1484, b. near Abisola, July 21, 1414; d. Aug. 12, 1484
Pope Sixtus V	Reigned 1585-1590, b. at Grottamare near Montalto, December 13, 152, d. in the Quirinal, August 27, 1590
Pope Stephen (II) III	Reigned 752-757, Unanimously elected in St. Mary Major's, and consecrated on March 26 (or April 3), 752; d. April 26, 757
Pope Stephen (III) IV	Reigned 768-772, b. about 720; d. 1 or August 3, 772
Pope Stephen (IV) V	Reigned 816-17, date of birth unknown; d. Jan. 24, 817
Pope Stephen (IX) X	Reigned 1057-58, b. probably about the beginning of the eleventh century; d. at Florence, March 29, 1058
Pope Stephen (V) VI	Reigned 885-91, date of birth unknown; d. in Sept., 891
Pope Stephen (VI) VII	Reigned 896-7, date of birth unknown; d. about August, 897
Pope Stephen (VII) VIII	Reigned 929-31, date of birth unknown; d. in Feb. or March, 931
Pope Stephen (VIII) IX	Reigned 939-942, date of birth unknown, d. about the end of Oct., 942
Pope Stephen I, Saint	Reigned 254-257

Pope Stephen II	Died before his consecration, but, in accordance with the long standing practice of the Roman Church, he is now generally counted in the list of the popes
Pope Sylvester I, Saint	Reigned 314-335
Pope Sylvester II	Reigned 999-1003
Pope Symmachus, Saint	Reigned 498-514
Pope Telesphorus, Saint	Reigned 125-136
Pope Theodore I	Reigned 642-649
Pope Theodore II	Reigned 897
Pope Urban I	Reigned 222-230
Pope Urban II, Blessed	Reigned 1088-1099
Pope Urban III	Reigned 1185-1187
Pope Urban IV	Reigned 1261-1264
Pope Urban V, Blessed	Reigned 1362-1370
Pope Urban VI	Reigned 1378-1389
Pope Urban VII	Reigned 1590
Pope Urban VIII	Reigned 1623-1644
Pope Valentine	Reigned 827
Pope Victor I, Saint	Reigned 189-198 or 199
Pope Victor II	Reigned 1055-1057
Pope Victor III, Blessed	Reigned 1086-1087
Pope Vigilius	Reigned 537-555
Pope Vitalian, Saint	Reigned 657-672
Pope Zachary, Saint	Reigned 741-752
Pope Zephyrinus, Saint	Reigned 198-217
Pope Zosimus, Saint	Reigned 417-418
Popes Benedict I-X	History of Popes Benedict I-X
Popes Boniface III-VII	Several popes of the name Boniface
Popes Caius and Soter, Saints	Have their feast together on April 22
Popes Eugene I-IV	Four popes named Eugene
Popess Joan	Fabled female pope
Poppo, Saint	Abbot, b. 977; d. at Marchiennes, January 25, 1048
Popular Devotions	Historically speaking, our best known devotions have nearly all originated from the imitation of some practice peculiar to the religious orders or to a specially privileged class, and consequently owe most of their vogue to the fourth of the influences ju
Porphyreon	Titular see, suffragan of Tyre in Phoenicia Prima
Porphyrius, Saint	Bishop of Gaza in Palestine, b. at Thessalonica about 347; d. at Gaza, February 26, 420
Port-Royal	A celebrated Benedictine abbey which profoundly influenced the religious and literary life of France during the seventeenth century
Porter	Doorkeeper; denoted among the Romans the slave whose duty it was to guard the entrance of the house
Portiuncula	A town and parish situated about three-quarters of a mile from Assisi
Porto Rico	The smallest and most easterly of the Greater Antilles
Portraits of the Apostles	The earliest fresco representing Christ surrounded by the Apostles dates from the beginning of the fourth century.
Portugal	Situated on the west of the Iberian Peninsula
Portuguese East Africa	Consists of the Province of Mozambique

Portuguese West Africa	The name usually given to the Province of Angola
Positivism	A system of philosophical and religious doctrines elaborated by Auguste Comte
Possidius, Saint	Bishop of Calama in Numidia, author of a short life of St. Augustine and of an indiculus or list of St. Augustine's writings
Postcommunion	Every rite ends its liturgy with a short prayer or two and a blessing before the dismissal
Postulant	A preliminary stage to the novitiate existing from the institution of monasticism
Postulation	A petition presented to a competent ecclesiastical superior, that he may promote to a certain dignity a person who is not strictly eligible on account of some canonical impediment
Potawatomi Indians	An important tribe of Algonquin linguistic stock
Poverty	Jesus Christ did not condemn the possession of worldly goods, or even of great wealth; for He himself had rich friends.
Poverty and Pauperism	In a legal and technical sense, pauperism denotes the condition of persons who are supported at public expense, whether within or outside of almshouses.
Power of the Keys	Christ's promise to the Apostle Peter
Praelatus Nullius	A prelate who exercises quasi-episcopal jurisdiction in a territory not comprised in any diocese
Pragmatic Sanction	Meant in the latter period of the Roman Empire an edict formally issued by the emperor
Pragmatism	As a tendency in philosophy, signifies the insistence on usefulness or practical consequences as a test of truth
Praxeas	An early anti-Montanist, is known to us only by Tertullian's book 'Adversus Praxean'
Praxedes and Pudentiana	Martyrs of an unknown era
Prayer	An act of the virtue of religion which consists in asking proper gifts or graces from God
Prayer Books	Collection of forms of prayer intended for private devotion, and in so far distinct from the 'service books' which contain the liturgical formularies used in public worship
Prayer of Quiet	Regarded by all writers on mystical theology as one of the degrees of contemplation
Prayers for the Dead	I. General Statement and Proof of Catholic Doctrine; II. Questions of Detail; III. Practice in the British and Irish Churches
Pre-Columbian Discovery of America	Discoveries of America before the time of Columbus
Preacher Apostolic	A dignitary of the pontifical household
Preadamites	The supposed inhabitants of the earth prior to Adam
Prebend	The right of a member of a chapter to his share in the revenues of the cathedral; also the share to which he is entitled
Precaria	A contract granting to a petitoner the use and usufruct of a revenue-bearing ecclesiastical property for a specified time, or during the life of the grantee, and principally for services rendered the Church
Precedence	Signifies the right to enjoy a prerogative of honor before other persons
Precentor	A word describing sometimes an ecclesiastical dignitary, sometimes an administrative or ceremonial officer
Precious Blood	The blood of our Divine Savior
Precious Stones	Treatment of precious stones int the Bible
Preconization	The ratification in a public consistory of the choice made by a third person of a titular of a consistorial benefice
Predestinarianism	A heresy not unfrequently met with in the course of the centuries which reduces the eternal salvation of the elect as well as the eternal damnation of the reprobate to one cause alone, namely to the sovereign will of God
Predestination	Taken in its widest meaning, is every Divine decree by which God, owing to His infallible prescience of the future, has appointed and ordained from eternity all events occurring in time, especially of man
Preface	The first part of the Eucharistic prayers
Prefect Apostolic	It has been the practice of the Holy See to govern either through prefects Apostolic, or through vicars Apostolic
Prefecture Apostolic (1913 changes)	Account is here given of new prefectures Apostolics
Prefecture Apostolic of Araucania	In Chile
Prefecture Apostolic of Belgian Ubanghi	In Belgian Congo
Prefecture Apostolic of Bettiah	Ecclesial territory in northern India
Prefecture Apostolic of Cimbebasia (Upper)	Name given for a long time to the western part of Southern Africa
Prefecture Apostolic of Ghardaia	Prefecture in the French Sahara
Prefecture Apostolic of Mariana Islands	Ecclesiastical jurisdiction in the Marianas Islands

Prefecture Apostolic of Mayotte, Nossi-be, and Comoro	Ecclesiastical jurisdiction in the Comoro Islands
Prefecture Apostolic of Palawan	In the Philippine Islands
Prefecture Apostolic of Rajpootana	In India, attached to the Province of Agra, comprises approximately the collection of Native States which form the Rajpootana Agency
Prefecture Apostolic of Rhaetia	Located in Switzerland
Prefecture Apostolic of Rio Negro	Located in Brazil
Prefecture Apostolic of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon	Comprises the only French possession in North America
Prefecture Apostolic of San Leon Del Amazonas	Located in Peru
Prefecture Apostolic of Sumatra	Ecclesiastical jurisdiction in Southeast Asia
Prefecture Apostolic of the Delta of the Nile	Situated in the north of Egypt and comprises four of the six provinces forming Lower Egypt
Prefecture Apostolic of the Northern Solomon Islands	Located in the Pacific Ocean, established on May 23, 1898
Prefecture Apostolic of the Northern Territory	The Northern Territory, formerly Alexander Land, is that part of Australia bounded on the north by the ocean, on the south by South Australia, on the east by Queensland and on the west by Western Australia.
Prefecture Apostolic of the Southern Solomon Islands	Located in the Pacific Ocean, Spanish navigator Alvaro Mendana de Neyra discovered the Islands of Ysabel, Guadalcanar, and San Christoval in 1567
Prefecture Apostolic of the Zambesi Mission	Comprises all Rhodesia south of the Zambesi, that part of Bechuanaland which is north of the Tropic of Capricorn and east of the 22nd degree of longitude, that part of Rhodesia north of the Zambesi, south of the Congo Free State, and west of the 30th degr
Prefecture Apostolic of Tripoli	Tripolitana, one of the ancient Barbary States, lies in North Africa along the Mediterranean
Prefecture Apostolic of Ubanghi-Chari	In Equatorial Africa
Prefecture Apostolic of Ucayali	In Peru
Prefecture Apostolic of Urubamba	Created by a Decree of the Holy See in 1899 at the request of the Peruvian Government
Prefecture Apostolic of Welle	In the extreme north of Belgian Congo, Africa
Prefecture Apostolic of Yukon	Occupies the extreme northwestern portion of the Dominion of Canada
Prefectures Apostolic of Borneo	Ecclesial territory in Indonesia
Prelate	The incumbent of a prelature
Prelature Nullius of Santa Lucia Del Mela	Within the territory of the Archdiocese of Messina, Sicily
Prelature Nullius of Santarem	Created in 1903, in the ecclesiastical Province of Belem do Para
Premonstratensian Canons	Founded in 1120 by St. Norbert at Premontre, near Laon, France
Preparation for Death	Spiritual writers are as one in declaring that ordinarily the only adequate preparation for death is a righteous life
Presbyterianism	The system of church government by representative assemblies called presbyteries, in opposition to government by bishops (episcopal system; prelacy), or by congregations (congregationalism, independency)
Presbytery	Part of the church reserved for the higher clergy
Prescription	A method created by law for acquiring ownership or ridding oneself of certain burdens on the fulfilment of fixed conditions
Presence of God	God is present by His Essence everywhere and in all things by reason of His Immensity
Presentation Brothers	Founded by Edmund Ignatius Rice
Prester John	A legendary Eastern priest and king
Presumption	A vice opposed to the theological virtue of hope
Presumption (in Canon Law)	A term signifying a reasonable conjecture concerning something doubtful, drawn from arguments and appearances, which by the force of circumstances can be accepted as a proof
Pretorium	Official residence of the provincial governor, a palace or castle
Pride	The excessive love of one's own excellence
Priene	A titular see of Asia Minor, suffragan of Ephesus
Priest	The minister of Divine worship, and especially of the highest act of worship, sacrifice
Priesthood	In Paganism, Judaism, and Christianity
Priests' Communion League	An association of priests established at Rome on July 20, 1906, in the Church of San Claudio, in charge of the Fathers of the Blessed Sacrament, and raised by Pius X to the dignity of an archconfraternity
Priests' Eucharistic League	Established in Paris by the Venerable Pierre-Julien Eymard, founder of the Congregation of the Blessed Sacrament

Primacy	The supreme episcopal jurisdiction of the pope as pastor and governor of the Universal Church
Primate	A bishop possessing superior authority, not only over the bishops of his own province, like the metropolitan, but over several provinces and metropolitans
Prime	The office
Primer, The	The common English name for a book of devotions which from the thirteenth to the sixteenth century was the ordinary prayerbook used by the laity
Primicerius	Heads of the colleges of Notarii and Defensores
Primus and Felician, Saints	Suffered martyrdom about 304 in the Diocletian persecution
Prince Charles D'Aremberg	Definitor-general and Commissary of the Capuchins (d. 1669)
Prince Klemens Lothar Wenzel von Metternich	Statesman; b. at Coblenz, May 15, 1773; d. at Vienna, June 11, 1859
Prince-Bishopric of Breslau	Seated at Breslau, on the River Oder in the Prussian Province of Silesia
Principality and Diocese of Monaco	Situated on the Mediterranean Sea, on the skirts of the Turbie and the The de Chien mountains
Principality of Waldeck	A state of the German Empire
Prior	A monastic superior
Prioress	A superioress in a monastic community for women
Priory	A monastery whose superior is a prior
Priory of Anglesea, The	Founded for a community of Austin Canons
Priory of Ardchattan, The	Argyllshire house, one of the three in Scotland belonging to the Order of Vallis Caulium
Priory of Saint Andrews	One of the great religious houses in Scotland and the metropolitan church in that country before the Reformation
Prisca, Saint	A martyr of the Roman Church, whose dates are unknown
Priscianus	Latin grammarian, b. at Caesarea (Mauretania), taught at Constantinople under Anastasius I (491-518)
Priscillianism	Heresy originated in Spain in the fourth century and was derived from the Gnostic-Manichaean doctrines taught by Marcus, an Egyptian from Memphis
Prisons	History of prisons from ancient times
Private Revelations	(1) universal revelations, which are contained in the Bible or in the depositum of Apostolic tradition transmitted by the Church; (2) particular or private revelations which are constantly occurring among Christians
Privilege	A permanent concession made by a legislator outside of the common law
Privilege of Competency	Of a cleric or ecclesiastical dignitary
Probabilism	The moral system which holds that, when there is question solely of the lawfulness or unlawfulness of an action, it is permissible to follow a solidly probable opinion in favor of liberty even though the opposing view is more probable
Processions	To be found in almost every form of religious worship
Processus and Martinian, Saints	Martyrs whose dates are unknown
Proclus, Saint	Patriarch of Constantinople, d. 446 or 447
Proconnesus	Titular see in Hellespont
Procopius Divisch	Premonstratensian, b. at Senftenberg, Bohemia, March 26, 1698; d. at Prenditz, Moravia, December 21, 1765
Procopius of Caesarea	Byzantine historian, b. in the latter years of the fifth century at Caesarea in Palestine, d. not earlier than A.D. 562
Procurator	A person who manages the affairs of another by virtue of a charge received from him
Promotor Fidei	An official of the Roman Congregation of Rites
Promulgation	The act by which the legislative power makes legislative enactments known to the authorities entrusted with their execution and to the subjects bound to observe them
Proof	The establishment of a disputed or controverted matter by lawful means or arguments
Property	The proprietor or owner of a thing, in the current acceptation of the word, is the person who enjoys the full right to dispose of it in so far as is not forbidden by law.
Prophecy	The foreknowledge and foretelling of future events, though it may sometimes apply to past events of which there is no memory, and to present hidden things which cannot be known by the natural light of reason
Prophecy, Prophet, and Prophetess	In Scripture
Proprium	The Proprium de tempore and the Proprium Sanctorum form in the present liturgy the two principal portions of our Breviary and Missals
Prose or Sequence	The liturgical hymn of the Mass, in which it occurs on festivals between the Gradual and the Gospel, while the hymn, properly so called, belongs to the Breviary

Proselyte	Signifies a convert to the Jewish religion
Prosper Louis Pascal Gueranger	Benedictine and polygraph; b. April 4, 1805; d. January 30, 1875
Prosper of Aquitaine	The first sure date in the life of Prosper is that of his letter to St. Augustine written under the following circumstances.
Prospero Alpini	Physician and botanist (1553-1617)
Prospero Fagnani	Canonist, b. in Italy, place and date of birth uncertain; d. in 1678
Protectorate of Missions	The right of protection exercised by a Christian power in an infidel country with regard to the persons and establishments of the missionaries
Protectories	Institutions for the shelter and training of the young, designed to afford neglected or abandoned children shelter, food, raiment, and the rudiments of an education in religion, morals, science, and manual training or industrial pursuits
Protestant Confessions of Faith	Protestants look upon their doctrinal standards as authoritative only in so far as they agree with the 'word of God'; but each sect so imbues its members from early childhood with its peculiar tenets, that long before they are able to read the Bible intel
Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America	The history of this religious organization divides itself naturally into two portions: the period of its dependence upon the Church of England and that of its separate exstence with a hierarchy of its own.
Protestantism	I. Origin of the Name. II. Characteristic Protestant Principles. III. Discussion of the Three Fundamental Principles of Protestantism: A. The Supremacy of the Bible; B. Justification by Faith Alone; C. The Universal Priesthood of Believers. IV. Private Ju
Prothonotary Apostolic	Member of the highest college of prelates in the Roman Curia, and also of the honorary prelates on whom the pope has conferred this title and its special privileges
Protocol	The formula used at the beginning of public acts drawn up by notaries, e.g., mention of the reign, time, place, etc. (Justinian, 'Novels', 43); also, the compact register in which notaries register the acts drawn up by them, in order of date; finally, the
Protopope	A priest of higher rank in the Orthodox and Byzantine Uniat Churches, corresponding in general to the Western archpriest or dean
Protus and Hyacinth, Saints	Martyrs during the persecution of Valerian (257-9)
Province of Quebec	Occupies mainly the two slopes of the vast basin formed by the St. Lawrence River whose course runs chiefly between the Laurentian and Alleghany ranges
Provincial	An officer acting under the superior general of a religious order, and exercising a general supervision over all the local superiors in a division of the order called a province
Provincial Council	A deliberative assembly of the bishops of an ecclesiastical province, summoned and presided over by the metropolitan, to discuss ecclesiastical affairs and enact disciplinary regulations for the province
Provincial Councils of Baltimore	Outlines the ten councils of Baltimore
Provost	Chapter official
Prudence	One of the four cardinal virtues
Prudentius	Bishop of Troyes, b. in Spain; d. at Troyes on April 6, 861; celebrated opponent of Hincmar in the controversy on predestination
Prudentius Maran	A learned Benedictine of the Maurist Congregation, b. October 14, 1683; d. April 2, 1762
Prum	A former Benedictine abbey in Lorraine, now in the Diocese of Trier, founded by a Frankish widow Bertrada, and her son Charibert, June 23, 720
Prusias ad Hypium	Titular see, suffragan of Claudiopolis in the Honoriad
Prussia	The Kingdom
Psalms	The first book of the 'Writings' (Kethubhim or Hagiographa), i.e. of the third section of the printed Hebrew Bible of today
Psalms of Solomon	Eighteen apocryphal psalms, extant in Greek, probably translated from a Hebrew, or an Aramaic original, commonly assigned to the first century B.C.
Psalterium	The Psalterium, or Book of the Psalms, only concerns us here in so far as it was transcribed and used for liturgical purposes.
Pseudo Hegesippus, The	A fourth-century translator of the 'Jewish War' of Flavius Josephus
Psycho-physical Parallelism	A doctrine which states that the relation between mental processes, on the one hand, and physical, physiological, or cerebral processes on the other, is one merely of invariable concomitance
Psychological Assimilation	Manner in which truth is acquired by the growing mind
Psychology	The science which treats of the soul and its operations
Psychotherapy	That branch of therapeutics which uses the mind to influence the body; first, for the prevention of disease by keeping worry from lowering resistive vitality; secondly, for reaction against disease during progress by freeing the mind from solicitude and t
Ptolemais (titular metropolis in Phoenicia Prima)	A titular metropolis in Phoenicia Prima, or Maritima
Ptolemais (titular see in Egypt)	A titular see in Egypt, metropolis of Thebais Secunda
Ptolemy the Gnostic	A heretic of the second century and personal disciple of Valentinus
Public Honesty	A diriment matrimonial impediment consisting in a relationship, which arises from a valid betrothal, or from a marriage approved by the Church but not consummated
Publican	In the Gospels, is derived from the publicanus of the Vulgate, and signifies a member or employee of the Roman financial companies who farmed the taxes
Publius Aelius Hadrian	Emperor of the Romans; b. January 24, A.D. 76 at Rome; d. July 16, 138
Publius Helvius Pertinax	Roman Emperor (Dec. 31, 192), b. at Alba Pompeia, in Liguria, August 1, 126; d. at Rome March 28, 193

Publius Lentulus	Fictitious person, said to have been Governor of Judea before Pontius Pilate
Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus	Roman distressed emperor; b. about 218; d. at Milan, March 4, 268
Pueblo Indians	Indians of central New Mexico and north-east Arizona
Pulcheria, Saint	Empress of the Eastern Roman Empire, eldest daughter of the Emperor Arcadius, b. Jan. 19, 399; d. in 453
Pulpit	An elevated stand to preach on
Purgatorial Societies	Pious associations or confraternities in the Catholic Church, which have for their purpose to assist in every possible way the poor souls in purgatory
Purgatory	I. Catholic Doctrine; II. Errors; III. Proofs; IV. Duration and Nature; V. Succouring the Dead; VI. Indulgences; VII. Invocation of Souls; VIII. Utility of Prayer for the Departed
Purim	The feast was instituted to commemorate the deliverance of the Jews from the machinations of Xerxes's minister, Haman
Puritans	The various movements
Pusey and Puseyism	Edward Bouverie Pusey, b. at Pusey House, Berkshire, Aug. 22, 1800; d. at Ascot Priory, Berkshire, Sept. 16, 1882; divine of the Established Church of England, patristic scholar, voluminous writer, preacher and controversialist, after whom the 'Catholic'
Pustet	A family of well-known Catholic publishers
Putative Marriage	A matrimonial alliance which is commonly reputed to be valid
Puyallup Indians	An important tribe of Salishan linguistic stock, formerly holding the territory along the river of the same name entering near the head of Puget Sound, Washington
Pyrrhonism	A system of scepticism, the founder of which was Pyrrho, a Greek philosopher, about whom very little is known except that he died in 270 B.C
Pythagoras and Pythagoreanism	Pythagoras, the Greek philosopher and mathematician and founder of the Pythagorean school, flourished about 530 B.C. Very little is known about the life and personality of Pythagoras.
Pyx	That smaller vessel of gold, or silvergilt, in which the Eucharist is commonly carried to the sick

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