F

Fabian Birkowski	Polish preacher (1566-1636)
Fabiola, Saint	Roman matron of rank, d. December 27, 399 or 400
Fabius Claudius Gordianus Fulgentius, Saint	Bishop of Ruspe b. 468; d. 533
Fabrica Ecclesiae	A Latin term, meaning, etymologically, the construction of a church, but in a broader sense the funds necessary for such construction
Facade	The face or front of any building
Faculties of the Soul	Meaning and classification
Faculty of Arts	One of four medieval teaching divisions of the university
Facundus of Hermiane	A sixth-century Christian author, Bishop of Hermiane in Africa, about whose career very little is known
Faith	Objectively, it stands for the sum of truths revealed by God in Scripture and tradition, and which the Church (see [[Rule of Faith]]) presents to us in a brief form in her creeds; subjectively, faith stands for the habit or virtue by which we assent to th
Faith, Hope, and Charity, Saints	The names of two groups of Roman martyrs around whom a considerable amount of legendary lore has gathered; though the extent of sound historical data possessed concerning them is so slight, that until very recent times the most eminent scholars failed to
Faithful, The	Those who have bound themselves to a religious association, whose doctrine they accept, and into whose rites they have been initiated
Fajardo Diego de Saavedra	Statesman and author (1584-1648)
Faldstool	A movable folding chair used in pontifical functions by the bishop outside of his cathedral, or within it if he is not at his throne or cathedra
False Decretals	Certain apocryphal papal letters contained in a collection of canon laws composed about the middle of the ninth century by an author who uses the pseudonym of Isidore Mercator, in the opening preface to the collection
Falsity	A perversion of truth originating in the deceitfulness of one party, and culminating in the damage of another party
Faltonia Proba	Christian poetess of the fourth century
Famagusta	A titular see in the Island of Cyprus
Familiars	Seculars subject to a master's authority and maintained at his expense
Family	That fundamental social group formed by the more or less permanent union of one man with one woman, or of one or more men with one or more women, and their children
Family of D'Ailleboust	Prominent French Canadian family of the 1600s
Family of Harlay	An important family of parliamentarians and bishops, who deserve a place in religious history
Family of Lamoignon	Illustrious family in the history of the old magistracy, originally from Nivernais
Family of Lefevre	Tapestry weavers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
Family of Petre	One of those staunch and constant families, which have played a great part in the preservation of the Catholic Faith in England
Family of Rueckers	Famous organ and piano-forte builders of Antwerp
Fanon	A shoulder-cape worn by the pope alone, consisting of two pieces of white silk ornamented with narrow woven stripes of red and gold; the pieces are nearly circular in shape but somewhat unequal in size and the smaller is laid on and fastened to the larger
Faroe Islands	Group of Danish islands rising from the sea some four hundred miles west of Norway and almost as far south of Iceland
Fast	In general abstinence from food or drink
Fatalism	The view which holds that all events in the history of the world, and, in particular, the actions and incidents which make up the story of each individual life, are determined by fate
Fate	This word is almost redundant in the vocabulary of a Catholic as such, for its meaning as the prime cause of events is better expressed by the term Divine Providence, while, as a constant force at work in the physical universe, it is nothing more nor less
Father Damien	Missionary priest, b. at Tremeloo, Belgium, January 3, 1840; d. at Molokai, Hawaii, April 15, 1888
Father Prout	The name by which the Rev. Francis Sylvester Mahony (O'Mahony) is generally known, b. at Cork, Dec. 31, 1804; d. in Paris, May 18, 1866
Fathers of Mercy, The	A congregation of missionary priests first established at Lyons, France, in 1808, and later at Paris, in 1814, and finally approved by Pope Gregory XVI, February 18, 1834
Fathers of the Church	The Fathers of the whole Church are especially the earlier teachers, who instructed her in the teaching of the Apostles, during her infancy and first growth
Fathers of the Holy Sepulchre	Group of Franciscan Fathers keep watch over the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem
Faustino Arevalo	Jesuit hymnographer and patrologist (1747-1824)
Faustinus and Jovita, Saints	Martyrs
Fausto de Elhuyar y de Suvisa	Mineralogist and chemist, b. at Logrono, Castile, Oct. 11, 1755; d. Feb. 6, 1833
Faustus of Riez	Bishop of Riez
Faversham Abbey	Former Benedictine monastery

Favius Julius Constantius	Roman emperor (337-361), b. in Illyria, Aug. 7, 317; d. at the Springs of Mopsus (Mopsokrene near Tarsus), Nov. 3, 361
Fear (from Moral Standpoint)	An unsettlement of soul consequent upon the apprehension of some present or future danger
Fear (in Canon Law)	A mental disturbance caused by the perception of instant or future danger
Feast of Asses	Dramatized sermon on the role of Balaam and the Ass
Feast of Corpus Christi	Celebrated in the Latin Church on the Thursday after Trinity Sunday to solemnly commemorate the institution of the Holy Eucharist
Feast of Fools	A celebration marked by much licence and buffoonery, which in many parts of Europe, and particularly in France, during the later middle ages took place every year on or about the feast of the Circumcision (Jan. 1)
Feast of Guardian Angels	Treatment of the liturgical feast day
Feast of Orthodoxy	The first Sunday of the Great Forty days (Lent) in the Byzantine Calendar (sixth Sunday before Easter)
Feast of Our Lady Mount Carmel	Carmelite feast to celebrate the victory in obtaining the approbation of its name and constitution from Honorius III on Jan. 30, 1226
Feast of Our Lady of Good Counsel	Records date from the reign of Paul II (1464-71)
Feast of Our Lady of Ransom	Sept. 24, a double major, commemorates the foundation of the Mercedarians
Feast of Our Lady of the Snow	A feast celebrated on August 5 to commemorate the dedication of the church of Santa Maria Maggiore on the Esquiline Hill in Rome
Feast of Our Lady of Victory	There are several feasts, in various churches, celebrated under this title.
Feast of Our Lady, Help of Christians	The invocation Auxilium Christianorum (Help of Christians) originated in the sixteenth century.
Feast of Pentecost	The second in importance of the great Jewish feasts
Feast of Tabernacles	One of the three great feasts of the Hebrew liturgical calendar
Feast of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, The	First mentioned in the Sacramentarium of Pope Gelasius
Feast of the Ascension	Fortieth day after Easter Sunday commemorating the Ascension of Christ into heaven
Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary	Principal feast of the Blessed Virgin
Feast of the Circumcision	Christ was circumcised on the eighth day
Feast of the Crown of Thorns	The first feast in honour of the Crown of Thorns
Feast of the Dedication	Instituted by Judas Machabeus
Feast of the Holy Name	Feast celebrated on the second Sunday after Epiphany
Feast of the Holy Name of Mary	Commemorates all the privileges given to Mary by God and all the graces we have received through her intercession and mediation
Feast of the Holy Winding Sheet of Christ	In 1206 one of the (supposed) Winding Sheets used at the burial of Christ was brought to Besancon by Otto de La Roche, and the feast of its arrival (Susceptio) was ordered to be kept on July 11
Feast of the Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary	Feast is commemorateing the dignity of Mary as Mother of God.
Feast of the Most Holy Redeemer	The feast is found only in the special calendar of some dioceses and religious orders, and is celebrated with proper Mass and Office either on the third Sunday of July or on October 23
Feast of the Most Pure Heart of Mary	Commemorates the joys and sorrows of the Mother of God, her virtues and perfections, her love for God and her Divine Son, and her compassionate love for mankind
Feast of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary	Earliest document commemorating this feast comes from the sixth century
Feast of the Patronage of Our Lady	First permitted by Decree of the Sacred Congregation of Rites, May 6, 1679
Feast of the Prayer of Christ	Occurs on the Tuesday after Septuagesima
Feast of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary	Mary, at the age of three, was brought by her parents to the Temple, in fulfilment of a vow, there to be educated
Feast of Transfiguration of Christ	Celebrated to commemorate the manifestation of the Divine glory recorded by St. Matthew (xvii)
Feast of Trumpets	The first day of Tishri (October), the seventh month of the Hebrew year
Feasts of the Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary	Object of these feasts is the spiritual martyrdom of the Mother of God and her compassion with the sufferings of her Divine Son
Febronianism	The politico-ecclesiastical system outlined by Johann Nikolaus von Hontheim, Auxiliary Bishop of Trier, under the pseudonym Justinus Febronius
Federico Borromeo	Cardinal and Archbishop of Milan (1564-1631)
Federigo Baroccio	Distinguished painter and engraver (1528-1612)
Federigo Fregoso	Cardinal; b. at Genoa, about 1480; d. July 22, 1541
Felice Anerio	Roman composer (1560-1630)

Felice Cavagnis	Canonist, b. in Bordogna, Diocese of Bergamo, Italy, January 13, 1841; d. at Rome, December 29, 1906
Felice Fontana	Italian naturalist and physiologist, b. at Pomarolo in the Tyrol, April 15, 1730; d. at Florence, January 11, 1805
Felician Sisters	Founded November 21, 1855, at Warsaw, Poland, by Mother Mary Angela, under the direction of Father Honorat, O. M. Cap.
Felicissimus	Deacon of Carthage who, in the middle of the third century, headed a short-lived but dangerous schism
Felicitas and Perpetua, Saints	Martyrs, suffered at Carthage, March 7, 203, together with three companions, Revocatus, Saturus, and Saturninus
Felicitas, Saint	Martyr; mother of seven martyrs
Felicite Robert de Lamennais	Leading nineteenth century French apologist, fought against Gallicanism, but died outside the Church, b. at Saint Malo, June 29, 1782; d. at Paris, February 27, 1854
Felino Maria Sandeo	Italian canonist of the fifteenth century, b. at Felina, Diocese of Reggio, in 1444; d. at Lucca, October, 1503
Felix and Adauctus, Saints	Martyrs at Rome, 303, under Diocletian and Maximian
Felix de Andreis	Lazarist superior (1778-1820)
Felix Englefield	Franciscan friar, d. 1767
Felix Faber	German writer, master of sacred theology, b. about 1441, d. in 1502
Felix Filliucius	Italian humanist, a philosopher, and theologian of note, was b. at Siena about the year 1525; supposed to have d. at Florence c. 1590
Felix Hemmerlin	Provost at Solothurn, in Switzerland, b. at Zurich, in 1388 or 1389; d. about 1460
Felix Lope de Vega Carpio	Poet and dramatist, b. at Madrid, 1562; d. Aug. 23, 1635
Felix Martin	Antiquary, historiographer, architect, educationist, b. October 4, 1804; d. November 25, 1886
Felix of Cantalice, Saint	Capuchin friar, b. at Cantalice, on the north-western border of the Abruzzi; d. at Rome, May 18, 1587
Felix of Nola, Saint	B. at Nola, near Naples, and lived in the third century
Felix of Valois, Saint	B. in 1127; d. at Cerfroi, November 4, 1212
Felix V	Antipope (1440-1449), b. Dec. 4, 1383; d. at Ripaille, Jan. 7, 1451
Felix-Antoine-Philibert Dupanloup	Bishop of Orleans, France, b. June 2, 1802; d. October 11, 1878
Felix-Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Neve	Orientalist and philologist, b. at Ath, Belgium, June 13, 1816; d. at Louvain, May 23, 1893
Felix-Joseph Barbelin	Styled the the 'apostle of Philadelphia', b. 30 May, 1808; d. 8 June, 1869
Feliz de Azara	Spanish naturalist (1746-1811)
Ferdinand Brunetiere	French critic and professor, b. at Toulon, July 19, 1849; d. at Paris, December 9, 1906
Ferdinand de Geramb	Frencch Trappist abbot; b. 1772; 1848
Ferdinand II	Emperor, eldest son of Archduke Karl and the Bavarian Princess Maria, b. 1578; d. February 15, 1637
Ferdinand III, Saint	King of Leon and Castile, member of the Third Order of St. Francis, b. in 1198 near Salamanca; d. at Seville, May 30, 1252
Ferdinand Konsag	German Jesuit missionary (1703-1758)
Ferdinand Magellan	The first circumnavigator of the world; b. about 1480; d. during his voyage in 1521
Ferdinand Steinmeyer	Jesuit missionary, b. in Swabia, Germany, Oct. 13, 1720; d. at Philadelphia, Aug. 17, 1786. He entered the Society of Jesus at Landsberg in Sept., 1743
Ferdinand Verbiest	Missionary and astronomer, b. at Pitthem near Courtrai, Belgium, Oct. 9, 1623; d. at Peking, January 28, 1688
Ferdinand von Miller	Labored for the development of the bronze founders' craft and the uplifting of the artistic profession,b. at Furstenfeldbruck, 1813; d. at Munich, 1887
Ferdinand Walter	Jurist, b. at Wetzlar, Nov. 30, 1794; d. at Bonn, Dec. 13, 1879
Ferdinand, Blessed	Prince of Portugal, b. in Portugal, September 29, 1402; d. at Fez, in Morocco, June 5, 1443
Ferdinand-Francois-Auguste Donnet	French cardinal, b. at Bourg-Argental (Loire), 1795; d. at Bordeaux, 1882
Ferdinand-Victor-Eugene Delacroix	French painter, b. at Charenton-St-Maurice, near Paris, April 26, 1798; d. August 13, 1863
Ferdinando D'Adda	Cardinal and Papal Legate, b. at Milan, 1649; d. at Rome, 1719
Ferdinando Ughelli	Historian, b. at Florence March 21, 1595; d. May 19, 1670
Fergus, Saints	Known in the Irish martyrologies as St. Fergus Cruithneach, or the Pict.; d. about 730

Feria	A day on which the people, especially the slaves, were not obliged to work, and on which there were no court sessions
Fernan Caballero	Noted Spanish novelist, b. at Merges, a small town in Switzerland, December 25, 1796; d. at Seville, April 7, 1877
Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva	Warrior and statesman (1508-1582)
Fernando Avendano	Priest and investigator of primitive rites and customs of the Peruvian Indians (d. 1665)
Fernando Castro Palao	Spanish theologian, b. at Leon in 1581; d. at Medina, 1 Dec., 1633
Fernando de Alba Ixtlilxochitl	Native Mexican historian (1568-1648)
Fernando de Herrera	Spanish lyric poet; b. 1537; d. 1597
Fernao Mendes Pinto	Portuguese traveller, b. at Montemor-o-Velho near Coimbra, c. 1509; d. at Almada near Lisbon, July 8, 1583
Fetishism	The religion of the fetish
Feudalism	The progressive development of European organization during seven centuries
Feuillants	An off-shoot of the Cistercians from the Abbey Notre-Dame des Feuillans
Feval, Paul-Henri-Corentin	Novelist, b. at Rennes, 27 September, 1817; d. in Paris, 8 March 1887
Fiacc, Saint	Poet, chief bishop of Leinster, and founder of two churches (about 415-520)
Fiacre, Saint	Abbot, b. in Ireland about the end of the sixth century; d. August 18, 670
Fideism	Philosophical term meaning a system of philosophy or an attitude of mind, which, denying the power of unaided human reason to reach certitude, affirms that the fundamental act of human knowledge consists in an act of faith, and the supreme criterion of ce
Fidelis of Sigmaringen, Saint	B. in 1577, at Sigmaringen, Prussia of which town his father Johannes Rey was burgomaster; d. at Sevis, April 24, 1622
Filial Church	A church to which is annexed the cure of souls, but which remains dependent on another church
Filioque	Theological formula of great dogmatic and historical importance
Filippino Lippi	Italian painter, son of Filippo Lippi, b. at Prato, in 1458; d. at Florence, April 18, 1515
Filippo Anfossi	Italian Dominican (d. 1825)
Filippo Archinto	Bishop, Italian theologian, diplomatist (1500-1558)
Filippo Brunellesco	Architect and sculptor, b. at Florence, 1377; d. there April 16, 1446
Filippo Lippi	Italian painter, b. at Florence about 1406; d. at Spoleto, October 9, 1409
Filippo Parlatore	Italian botanist, b. at Palermo, Aug. 8, 1816; d. at Florence, Sept. 9, 1877
Filippo Scannabecchi	Bolognese painter, b. about 1360; d. about 1410
Final Perseverance	The preservation of the state of grace till the end of life
Finan, Saint	Second Bishop of Lindisfarne; d. February 9, 661
Finbarr, Saint	Bishop and patron of Cork, b. near Bandon, about 550, d. at Cloyne, Sept. 25, 623
Finnian of Moville, Saint	Founder of a famous school about the year 540; b. about 495; d. 589
Fintan Mundwiler	Abbot of the Benedictine monastery of St. Meinrad, Indiana, b. at Dietikon in Switzerland, July 12, 1835; d. at St. Meinrads Abbey, February 14, 1898
Fintan, Saints	Fintan of Clonenagh; a Leinster saint, b. about 524; d. February 17, probably 594, or at least before 597. Fintan of Taghmon; an Ulster saint, d. at Taghmon, 636
Fioretti di S. Francesco d'Assisi	The name given to a classic collection of popular legends about the life of St. Francis of Assisi and his early companions as they appeared to the Italian people at the beginning of the fourteenth century
Firmament	The sky
Firmicus Maternus	Christian author of the fourth century, wrote a work 'De errore profanarum religionum'
Firmilian	Bishop of Cesarea in Cappadocia, died c. 269
First and Second Books of Kings	Two books of the Old Testament (also known and First and Second Samuel)
First Born	The word, though casually taken in Holy Writ in a metaphorical sense, is most generally used by the sacred writers to designate the first male child in a family
First Fruits	The practice of consecrating first-fruits to the Deity is not a distinctly Jewish one
Fiscal Procurator	The duties of the fiscal procurator consist in preventing crime and safeguarding ecclesiastical law
Five Sacred Wounds, The	The Wounds in His Sacred Hands, Feet, and Side

Flabellum	In liturgical use a fan made of leather, silk, parchment, or feathers intended to keep away insects from the Sacred Species and from the priest
Flagellants	A fanatical and heretical sect that flourished in the thirteenth and succeeding centuries
Flagellation	The history of the whip, rod, and stick, as instruments of punishment and of voluntary penance, is a long and interesting one
Flaminius Annibali de Latera	Historian, b. at Latera, near Viterbo, Nov. 23, 1733; d. at Viterbo, Feb. 27, 1813
Flanders	Designated in the eighth century a small territory around Bruges; it became later the name of the country bounded by the North Sea, the Scheldt, and the Canche
Flathead Indians	A name used in both Americas, without special ethnologic significance, to designate tribes practising the custom of compressing the skull in infancy by artificial means
Flavia Domitilla	A Christian Roman matron of the imperial family who lived towards the close of the first century
Flavian, Saint	Bishop of Constantinople, date of birth unknown; d. at Hypaepa in Lydia, August, 449
Flavias	A titular see of Cilicia Secunda
Flavio Biondo	Italian archaeologist and historian (1388-1463)
Flaviopolis	A titular see in the province of Honorias
Flavius Claudius Jovianus	Roman Emperor (fourth century)
Flavius Honorius	Roman Emperor, d. August 26, 423
Flavius Josephus	Jewish historian (37 - ca. 101)
Flavius Marcellinus	Date of birth unknown; d. September 12, 413. He was a high official at the court of Emperor Honorius
Flavius Rusticius Helpidius	The name of several Latin writers
Flavius Valens	Emperor of the East, b. in Pannonia (now Hungary) c. 328; d. near Adrianople, in Thrace, August, 378
Flodoard	French historian and chronicler, b. at Epernay in 894; d. in 966
Florence	Florence
Florence Conry	Archbishop of Tuam, patriot, theologian, and founder of the Irish (Franciscan) College of St. Anthony at Louvain (1560-1629)
Florence Marryat	Novelist and actress, b. July 9, 1838; d. October 27, 1899
Florence of Worcester	English chronicler
Florens Radewyns	Co-founder of the Brethren of the Common Life, b. at Leyderdam, near Utrecht, about 1350; d. at Deventer, March 25, 1400
Florentina, Saint	Virgin; b. towards the middle of the sixth century; d. about 612
Florians, The	An altogether independent order, and not, as some consider, a branch of the Cistercians
Florida	The Peninsular or Everglade State
Florilegia	Systematic collections of excerpts (more or less cor ethical purposesopious) from the works of the Fathers and other ecclesiastical writers of the early period, compiled with a view to serve dogmatic or ethical purposes
Florus	A deacon of Lyons, ecclesiastical writer in the first half of the ninth century
Foillan, Saint	Represented in iconography with a crown at his feet to show that he despised the honours of the world
Folkestone Abbey	Situated in the east division of Kent about thirty-seven miles from Maidstone
Fonte-Avellana	A suppressed order of hermits, which takes its name from their first hermitage in the Apennines
Forgery, Forger	The deliberate untruthfulness of an assertion, or in the deceitful presentation of an object, and is based on an intention to deceive and to injure while using the externals of honesty
Form	The original meaning of the term form, both in Greek and Latin, was and is that in common use
Formularies	Medieval collections of models for the execution of documents (acta), public or private; a space being left for the insertion of names, dates, and circumstances peculiar to each case
Fort Augustus Abbey	St. Benedict's Abbey, at Fort Augustus, Invernessshire
Fortitude	One of the gifts from the Holy Ghost; a supernatural virtue
Fortunato of Brescia	Morphologist and Minorite of the Reform of Lombardy; b. at Brescia, 1701; d. at Madrid, 1754
Fortunatus Hueber	Franciscan historian and theologian, b. at Neustadt on the Danube; d. 12 Feb 1706
Forty Hours' Devotion	A devotion in which continuous prayer is made for forty hours before the Blessed Sacrament exposed
Forty Martyrs	A party of soldiers who suffered a cruel death for their faith, near Sebaste, in Lesser Armenia, victims of the persecution of Licinius, who, after the year 316, persecuted the Christians of the East

Fossors	Grave diggers in the Roman catacombs in the first three or four centuries of the Christian Era
Fothad, Saint	Became bard, counsellor, and tutor to Aedh Oirnidh (the dignified), Ard Righ (Head King) of Ireland
Foulque de Neuilly	A popular Crusade preacher; d. March, 1202
Foundation	An ecclesiastical foundation is the making over of temporal goods to an ecclesiastical corporation or individual, either by gift during life or by will after death, on the condition of some spiritual work being done either in perpetuity or for a long time
Foundling Asylums	All institutions which take charge of infants whose parents or guardians are unable or unwilling to care for them
Fountains Abbey	A monastery of the Cistercian Order situated on the banks of the Skell about two and a half miles from Ripon in Yorkshire, was established by thirteen Benedictine monks of St. Mary's Abbey, York
Four Crowned Martyrs	Several martyrs
Foxe's Book of Martyrs	Canon of Protestant martyrs compiled by Protestant controversialist John Foxe (1516-1587)
Fra Angelico	Dominican painter (1387-1455)
Fra Bartolommeo	Italian painter and a member of the Dominican Order (1475-1517)
Fractio Panis	The name given to a fresco in the so-called 'Capella Greca' in the catacomb of St. Priscilla situated on the Via Salaria Nova
France	The fifth in size (usually reckoned the fourth) of the great divisions of Europe
Frances Allen	First woman of New England birth to become a nun, b. 13 Nov., 1784, at Sunderland, Vt.; d. 10 Sept., 1819, at Montreal
Frances Bedingfeld	Superioress of the English Institute of Mary (1616-1704)
Frances D'amboise, Blessed	Duchess of Brittany, afterwards Carmelite nun; b. 1427; d. at Nantes, Nov. 4, 1485
Frances Margaret Taylor	Superior General, and foundress of the Poor Servants of the Mother of God, b. Jan. 20, 1832; d. June 9, 1900
Frances of Rome, Saint	One of the greatest mystics of the fifteenth century; b. at Rome, of a noble family, in 1384; d. there, March 9, 1440
Francesco Accursius	One of two Medieval Italian legal experts
Francesco Alnico	Jesuit theologian (b. 1578)
Francesco Angiolini	Jesuit scholar (1750-1788)
Francesco Antonio Begnudelli-Basso	Canonist (d. 1713)
Francesco Antonio Zaccaria	Theologian, historian, and prolific writer, b. at Venice, March 27, 1714; d. in Rome, October 10, 1795
Francesco Bartolozzi	Engraver, etcher, and painter (1727-1815)
Francesco Berni	Italian poet (ca. 1497-1535)
Francesco Bianchini	Student of natural sciences, historian (1662-1729)
Francesco Borromini	Architect and sculptor (1599-1667)
Francesco Brancati	Jesuit missionary (1607-1671)
Francesco Castracane degli Antelminelli	Naturalist, b. at Fano, Italy, July 19, 1817; d. at Rome March 27, 1899
Francesco Chieregati	Papal nuncio (1479-1539)
Francesco Cossa	Italian painter of the School of Ferrara, b. about 1430; d. probably at Ferrara, 1485
Francesco Degli Angeli (or Angelis)	Jesuit missionary to Ethiopia (1567-1628)
Francesco della Rossa Bartholi	Friar Minor and chronicler (d. 1272)
Francesco Denza	Italian meteorologist and astronomer, b. at Naples, June 7, 1834; d. at Rome, December 14, 1894
Francesco Faa di Bruno	Italian mathematician and priest, b. at Alessandria, March 7, 1825; d. at Turin, March 26, 1888
Francesco Filelfo	Humanist, b. at Tolentino, July 25, 1398; d. at Florence, July 31, 1481
Francesco Giuseppe Bressani	Indian missionary (1612-1672)
Francesco Guardi	Venetian painter; b. 1712; d. 1793
Francesco Guicciardini	Historian and statesman; b. 1483; d. May 23, 1540
Francesco Lana	Mathematician and naturalist, he was also the scientific founder of aeronautics, b. Dec. 10, 1631, at Brescia in Italy; d. in the same place, Feb. 22, 1687
Francesco Lorenzo Brancati di Lauria	Cardinal, Minor Conventual, and theologian (1612-1693)

Francesco Maffei	Italian painter, b. at Vicenza; d. at Padua, 1660
Francesco Maria Grimaldi	Italian physicist, b. April 2, 1613; d. Dec. 28, 1663
Francesco Melzi	Friend of Leonardo da Vinci, b. at Milan, about 1490; d. 1568
Francesco Panigarola	Preacher and controversialist, Bishop of Asti, b. at Milan, Feb. 6, 1548; d. at Asti, May 31, 1594
Francesco Petrarch	Italian poet and humanist, b. at Arezzo, July 20, 1304; d. at Arqua, July 19,1374
Francesco Redi	Italian poet, b. at Arent), February 18, 1626; d. at Pisa March 1, 1698
Francesco Satolli	Theologian, cardinal, first Apostolic delegate to the United States, b. July 21, 1839, at Marsciano near Perugia; d. Jan. 8, 1910, at Rome
Francesco Torbido	Often called Il Moro (The Moor), Veronese painter and engraver, b. about 1486; the date after 1546
Francesco Vanni	Painter, b. at Siena, 1565; d. there, 1609
Francesco Zabarella	Cardinal, celebrated canonist, b. at Padua, August 10, 1360; d. at Constance, September 26, 1417
Francesco Zantedeschi	Priest and physicist, b. 1797; d. at Padua, March 29, 1873
Francescoe Vico	Astronomer, b. at Macerata, States of the Church, May 19, 1805; d. at London, England, Nov. 15, 1848
Francia	A famous Bolognese goldsmith, engraver, and artist, b. about 1450; d. in 1517
Francis a Paula Triesnecker	Jesuit; astronomer, b. at Kirchberg on the Wagram, in Lower Austria, April 2, 1745; d. at Vienna, January 29, 1817
Francis Adorno	Celebrated Italian preacher, b. 1531; d. at Genoa, 13 January, 1586
Francis Anthony Drexel	Banker, b. at Philadelphia, U.S.A., June 20, 1824; d. there Feb. 15, 1885
Francis Arias	Jesuit, writer of ascetical treatises (1533-1605)
Francis Asbury Baker	Priest of the Congregation of St. Paul the Apostle b. March 30, 1820; d. April 4, 1865
Francis Baldwin	Celebrated jurist, and prolific writer on juridical and ecclesiastical topics (1520-1573)
Francis Bennon Ducrue	Jesuit missionary in Mexico, b. June 10, 1721; d. March 30, 1779
Francis Blyth	English Carmelite, Scripture scholar (ca. 1705-1772)
Francis Borgia, Saint	B. October 28, 1510, was the son of Juan Borgia, third Duke of Gandia, and of Juana of Aragon; d. September 30, 1572
Francis Britius	Orientalist, Capuchin missionary (seventeenth century)
Francis Caracciolo, Saint	Co-founder with John Augustine Adorno of the Congregation of the Minor Clerks Regular; b. in Villa Santa Maria, in the Abruzzo (Italy), October 13, 1563; d. at Agnone, June 4, 1608
Francis Coster	Theologian, b. at Mechlin, June 16, 1532 (1531); d. at Brussels, December 16, 1619
Francis de Geronimo, Saint	B. December 17, 1642; d. May 11, 1716
Francis de Sales Brunner	Founder of the American Congregation of the Precious Blood, b. January 10, 1795, at Muemliswil, Switzerland; d. Lichtenstein, December 29, 1859
Francis de Sales, Saint	Bishop of Geneva, Doctor of the Universal Church; b. at Thorens, in the Duchy of Savoy, August 21, 1567; d. at Lyons, December 28, 1622
Francis Harold	Irish Franciscan and historical writer, d. at Rome, March 18, 1685
Francis I	King of France; b. at Cognac, September 12, 1494; d. at Rambouillet, March 31, 1547
Francis Ingleby, Venerable	English martyr, b. about 1551; suffered at York on Friday, June 3, 1586 (old style)
Francis Kernan	Lawyer, statesman (1816-1892)
Francis Kerril Amherst	Bishop of Northampton (1819-1883)
Francis Marion Crawford	Novelist, b. of American parents at Bagni di Lucca, Italy, Aug. 2, 1854; d. at his home near Sorrento, Italy, April 9, 1909
Francis Mary Paul Libermann, Venerable	Founder of the Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, b. April 12, 1804; and he died at Paris, February 2, 1852
Francis Mayron	B. about 1280
Francis Molloy	Theologian, grammarian, b. in King's County, Ireland, at the beginning of the seventeenth century; d. at St. Isidore's, Rome, about 1684
Francis Moylan	Bishop of Cork, b. at Cork, 1739; d. in 1815
Francis Nepveu	Writer on ascetical subjects, b. at St. Malo, April 29, 1639; entered the novitiate of the Society of Jesus October 12, 1654, when but fifteen years old
Francis Nicholson	A controversial writer; b. at Manchester, 1650 (baptized Oct. 27); d. at Lisbon, Aug. 13, 173

Francis Nugent	Priest of the Franciscan Capuchin Order, founder of the Irish and the Rhenish Provinces of said order; b. in 1569 at Brettoville, near Armagh, Ireland, according to some; according to others, at Moyrath, County Meath; d. at Charleville, France, in 1635
Francis of Assisi, Saint	Founder of the Francis-can Order, b. at Assisi in Umbria, in 1181 or 1182--the exact year is uncertain; d. there, October 3, 1226
Francis of Fabriano, Blessed	Priest of the Order of Friars Minor; b. Sept. 2, 1251; d. April 22, 1322
Francis of Paula, Saint	Founder of the Order of Minims; b. in 1416, at Paula, in Calabria, Italy; d. April 2, 1507, at Plessis, France
Francis of Vittoria	Spanish theologian; b. 1480, at Vittoria, province of Avila, in Old Castile; d. August 12, 1546
Francis Patrick and Peter Richard Kenrick	Archbishops respectively of Baltimore, Maryland, and of St. Louis, Missouri (nineteenth century)
Francis Patrick McFarland	Third Bishop of Hartford, b. at Franklin, Pa., April 16, 1819; d. at Hartford, Conn., October 2, 1874
Francis Plowden	Son of William Plowden of Plowden Hall, b. at Shropshire, June 8, 1749; d. at Paris, Jan. 4, 1819
Francis Porter	Controversialist and historian, b. at Kingston, near Navan, Ireland, 1622; d. at Rome, April 7, 1702
Francis Quinones	Cardinal, b. in the Kingdom of Leon, Spain, c. 1482; d. at Veroli, Italy, Nov. 5, 1540
Francis Regis Clet, Blessed	A Lazarist missionary in China; b. 1748, martyred, Feb. 18, 1820
Francis Richard Wegg-Prosser	Only son of Rev. Prebendary Francis Haggit, rector of Newnham Courtney, b. at Newnham Courtney, Oxfordshire, June 19, 1824; d. near Hereford, England, August 16, 1911
Francis Silvester	Theologian, b. at Ferrara about 1474; d. at Rennes, Sept. 19, 1526
Francis Solanus, Saint	South American missionary of the Order of Friars Minor; b. at Montilla, in the Diocese of Cordova, Spain, March 10, 1549; d. at Lima, Peru, July 14, 1610
Francis Sylvius	Theologian, born,1581; died Feb. 22, 1649
Francis Thompson	Poet b. Dec. 18, 1859; d. Nov. 13, 1907
Francis Tregian	Confessor, b. in Cornwall, 1548; d. at Lisbon, Sept. 25, 1608
Francis Wichmans	In religion Augustine, b. at Antwerp, 1596; d. 1661
Francis X. Seelos, Blessed	Missionary, b. at Fussen, Bavaria, January 11, 1819; d. at New Orleans, La., Oct. 4, 1867
Francis Xavier Haberl	Historian of sacred music, editor, b. at Oberellenbach, Lower Bavaria, April 12, 1840; d. at Ratisbon, Sept. 5, 1910
Francis Xavier Patrizi	Jesuit exegete, b. at Rome, June 19, 1797; d. there April 23, 1881
Francis Xavier Schmalzgrueber	Canonist, b. at Griesbach, Bavaria, Oct. 9 663; d. at Dillingen, Nov. 7, 1735
Francis Xavier Weninger	Jesuit missionary and author, b. at Wildhaus, Styria, Austria, Oct. 31,1805; d, at Cincinnati, O., June 29, 1888
Francis Xavier Witt	Reformer of church music, founder of the St. Cecilia Society for German-speaking countries, and composer, b. at Walderbach, Upper Palatinate, Feb. 9, 1834; d. at Landshut, Bavaria, Dec. 2, 1888
Francis Xavier, Saint	Jesuit; b. in the Castle of Xavier near Sanguesa, in Navarre, April 7, 1506; d. on the Island of Sancian near the coast of China, December 2, 1552
Franciscan Crown	Rosary consisting of seven decades commemorating the seven joys of Mary; used by members of the three orders of St. Francis
Franciscan Order	A term commonly used to designate the members of the various foundations of religious, whether men or women, professing to observe the Rule of St. Francis of Assisi in some one of its several forms
Francisco Antonio de Lorenzana	Cardinal, b. Sept. 22, 1722, at Leon in Spain; d. April 17, 1804, at Rome
Francisco Bayeu y Subias	Distinguished religious and historical painter (1734-1795)
Francisco Bravo	Author of the first book on medicine printed in America (sixteenth century)
Francisco Burgoa	Dominican author; b. at Oaxaca about 1600; d. at Teopozotlan in 1681
Francisco Cabral	Portuguese missionary in Japan, b. in the castle of Govillou, Diocese of Guarda, Portugal, 1529; d. at Goa, 1609
Francisco Cepeda	B. in the province of La Mancha, 1532; d. at Guatemala, 1602
Francisco de Araujo	Dominican; Spanish theologian (1580-1664)
Francisco de Avila	Vicar in the province of Huarochiri of Peru
Francisco de Figueroa	Celebrated Spanish poet, surnamed 'the Divine', b. at Alcala de Henares, c. 1540; d. there, 1620
Francisco de Lugo	Jesuit theologian, b. at Madrid, 1580; d. at Valladolid, December 17, 1652
Francisco de Moncada	Count of Osona, Spanish historian, son of the Governor of Sardinia and Catalonia, b. at Valencia, December 29, 1586; d. near Goch, Germany, 1635
Francisco de Rioja	Poet (1583-1659)
Francisco de Rojas y Zorrilla	Spanish dramatic poet, b. at Toledo, Oct. 4, 1607; d. 1680

Francisco de Ulloa	D. 1540. It is not known when he came to Mexico nor if he accompanied Hernan Cortes in his first expedition to California. Authorities are divided upon these questions
Francisco de Vargas y Mexia	Spanish diplomat and ecclesiastical writer, b. at Madrid, date unknown; d. at the Hieronymite monastery of la Cisla in 1566
Francisco Dumetz	Franciscan missionary date of b. unknown; d. Jan. 14, 1811
Francisco Garcia de La Rosa Figueroa	Franciscan; b. in the latter part of the eighteenth century at Toluca, in the Archdiocese of Mexico; date of death unknown
Francisco Garcia Diego y Moreno	First bishop of California, b. 17 Sept., 1785, at Lagos in the state of Jalisco, Mexico; d. April 30, 1846, at Santa Barbara
Francisco Gomes de Amorim	Portuguese poet, dramatist, and novelist; b. 1827; d. 1891.
Francisco Jose Goya y Lucientes	Spanish painter and etcher, b. 1746; d. 1828
Francisco Lopez Gomara	Priest-chaplain to Hernando Cortes; b. 1510
Francisco Lopez-Caro	Spanish artist, b. at Seville in 1598; d. at Madrid in 1662
Francisco Macedo	Known as A S. Augustino, O.F.M., theologian, b. at Coimbra, Portugal, 1596; died, 1681
Francisco Medrano	Spanish lyric poet, not to be confounded with Sebastian Francisco de Medrano
Francisco Nicolas Borras	Spanish painter (1530-1610)
Francisco Palou	Friar Minor, b. at Palma, Island of Majorca, about 1722; d. in 1789 or 1790
Francisco Pareja	Missionary, probably b. at Aunon in the Diocese of Toledo, Spain, date unknown; d. in Mexico, January 25, 1628
Francisco Pena	Canonist, b. at Villaroya de los Pinares, near Saragossa, about 1540; d. at Rome, in 1612
Francisco Pizarro	B. in Trujillo, Estremadura, Spain, probably in 1471; d. at Lima, Peru, June 26, 1541
Francisco Sarmiento de Mendoza	Spanish canonist and bishop; b. of a noble family at Burgos; d. 1595, at Jaen
Francisco Saverio Clavigero	Jesuit (1731-1787)
Francisco Suarez	Theologian, b. at Granada, Jan. 5, 1548; d. at Lisbon, Sept. 25, 1617
Francisco Toledo	Philosopher, theologian, and exegete, b. Oct. 4, 1532; d. Sept. 14, 1596
Francisco Torres	Hellenist and polemicist, b. about 1509; d. November 21, 1584
Francisco Vasquez De Coronado	Explorer (1500-1553)
Francisco Xavier Alegre	Historian, b. at Vera Cruz, in Mexico, or New Spain, 12 November, 1729; d. at Bologna, 16 August, 1788
Francisco Ximénez de Cisneros	Franciscan, cardinal, and Primate of Spain, b. at Torrelaguna in New Castile, 1436; d. at Roa, near Valladolid, 1517
Francisco Zurbaran	B. in the suburb of Fuente de Cantos in Estramadura, on the boundaries of Andalusia, Nov., 1598; d. probably at Madrid about 1662
Franciscus Quaresmius	Writer and Orientalist of the seventeenth century, b. at Lodi (Lombardy), April 4, 1583; d. at Milan, Oct. 25, 1650
Franciscus Sonnius	Theologian, b. at Zon in Brabant, August 12, 1506; d. at Antwerp, June 30, 1576
Francois Annat	French Jesuit, theologian, writer, and one of the foremost opponents of Jansenism (1590-1670)
Francois Baert	Jesuit and Bollandist (1651-1719)
Francois Bourgade	French missionary and philosopher (1806-1866)
Francois Bourgoing	Third Superior General of the Congregation of the Oratory in France (1585-1662)
Francois Catrou	French historian, b. at Paris, December 28, 1659; d. there October 12, 1737
Francois Clement	Member of the Benedictine Congregation of Saint-Maur and historian (1714-1793)
Francois Combefis	Dominican; patrologist (1605-1679)
Francois D'Aix de La Chaise	Confessor of King Louis XIV (1624-1709)
Francois de Bonal	Bishop of Clermont (1734-1800)
Francois de Crepieul	Jesuit missionary in Canada and vicar Apostolic for the Montagnais Indians; b. at Arras, France, March 16, 1638; d. at Quebec in 1702
Francois de Montmorency Laval	First bishop of Canada, b. April 30, 1623, d. at Quebec on May 6, 1708
Francois de Salignac de La Mothe Fenelon	Celebrated French bishop and author, b. in the Chateau de Fenelon in Perigord (Dordogne), August 6, 1651; d. at Cambrai, January 7, 1715
Francois Delfau	Theologian, b. 1637 at Montel in Auvergne, France; d. Oct. 13, 1676

Francois Dollier de Casson	Fourth superior of Saint-Sulpice, Montreal, Canada, b. near Nantes, France, 1636; d. in 1701
Francois Duquesnoy	Sculptor, b. 1594; d. July 12, 1646
Francois Edouard Joachim Coppee	Poet, dramatist and novelist (1842-1908)
Francois Eustache Lesueur	Jesuit missionary and philologist, of the Abnaki mission in Canada; b. between 1685-1686, d. between 1755- 1760
Francois Feuardent	Franciscan, theologian and preacher of the Ligue, b. at Coutances, Normandy, in 1539; d. at Paris, Jan. 1, 1610
Francois Girardon	French sculptor; b. 1630; d. 1715
Francois Jacquier	French mathematician and physicist (1711-1788)
Francois Joseph Heim	French historical painter, b. near Belfort, 1787; d. in Paris, 1865
Francois Le Mercier	One of the early Jesuit missionaries of New France, b. at Paris, October 4, 1604; d. in the island of Martinique, June 12, 1690. He entered the Society of Jesus at Paris, October 19, 1620
Francois Leclerc du Tremblay	Capuchin, b. in Paris, Nov. 4, 1577; d. at Rueil, Dec. 18, 1638
Francois Lenormant	Archaeologist, b. in Paris, June 1, 1802; d. at Athens, November 24, 1859
Francois Malherbe	French poet, b. at Caen, Normandy, in 1555; d. at Paris, October 16, 1628
Francois Napoleon Marie Moigno	Physicist and author, b. at Guemene, April 15, 1804; d. at Saint-Denis, July 14, 1884
Francois Para Du Phanjas	Writer, b. at the Castle of Phanja Champsaur, Basses-Alpes, 1724; d. at Paris, 1797
Francois Picquet	A celebrated Sulpician missionary in Canada, b. at Bourg, Bresse, France, Dec. 4, 1708; d. at Verjon, Ain, France, in 1781
Francois Rabelais	The life of this celebrated French writer is full of obscurities.
Francois Vachon de Belmont	Sulpician superior and missionary (1645-1732)
Francois Vaillant de Gueslis	Jesuit missionary, b. at Orleans, July 20, 1646; d. at Moulins, Sept. 24, 1718
Francois Vatable	French Hellenist and Hebraist of the eighteenth century, b. at Gamaches (85 miles north-west of Paris), Picardy, probably in the latter years of the fifteenth century; d. in Paris, March 16, 1547
Francois Vavasseur	Humanist and controversialist, b. at Paray-le-Monial, Dec. 8, 1605; d. at Paris, Dec. 16, 1681
Francois Veron	French controversalist, b. at Paris about 1575; d. at Charenton, 1625
Francois Vieta	Seigneur de La Bigottiere, father of modern algebra, b. at Fontenay-le-Comte(Poitou), 1540; d. in Paris, Feb., 1603
Francois-desire Mathieu	Bishop and cardinal, b. May 27, 1839; d. October 26, 1908
Francois-Etienne Caulet	French bishop and Jansenist, b. at Toulouse, 1610; d. at Pamiers, 1680
Francois-Joachim-Pierre de Bernis	French cardinal and statesman (1715-1794)
Francois-Joseph-Paul Grasse	Count and Marquess de Grasse-Tilly, lieutenant-general of the naval forces; b. 1723; d. 1788
Francois-Juste-Marie Raynouard	A French poet, dramatist, and philologist, b. at Brignoles, Var, September 8, 1761; d. at Passy, October 27, 1836
Francois-Louis Blosius	Benedictine abbot and spiritual writer (1506-1566)
Francois-Philippe Charpentier	French engraver, inventor, and mechanician (1734-1817)
Francois-Pierre-Gontheir Maine de Biran	Philosopher, b. November 29, 1766; d. July 16, 1824.
Francois-Rene de Chateaubriand	French writer (1768-1848)
Francois-Xavier Charlevoix	Jesuit historian (1682-1761)
Francois-Xavier de Feller	Author and apologist, b. at Brussels August 18, 1735; d. at Ratisbon May 22, 1802
Francois-Xavier Garneau	A French Canadian historian, b. at Quebec, June 15, 1809, of Francois-Xavier Garneau and Gertrude Amiot; d. February 2, 1866
Francoise Maintenon	B. at Niort, November 28, 1635; d. at Saint-Cyr, April 15, 1719
Frankfort-on-the-Main	Formerly the scene of the election and coronation of the German emperors, is situated in the administrative district of Wiesbaden, in the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau
Franks, The	A confederation formed in Western Germany of a certain number of ancient barbarian tribes who occupied the right shore of the Rhine from Mainz to the sea
Franz Anton Staudenmaier	Theologian, b. at Donzdorf, Wurtemberg, Sept. 11, 1800; d. at Freiburg im Breisgau, Jan. 19, 185
Franz Burkard	Name of two celebrated German jurists
Franz Christian Gau	Architect and archaeologist, b. at Cologne, June 15, 1790; d. at Paris, January, 1854

Franz Christoph Ignaz Moufang	Theologian, b. at Mainz, Feb. 17, 1817; d. there, Feb. 27, 1890
Franz Friedrich Wilhelm von Furstenberg	Statesman and educator, b .August 7, 1729 at Herdringen in Westphalia; d. September 16, 1810
Franz Georg Benkert	German theologian and historical writer (1790-1859)
Franz Grillparzer	An Austrian poet, b. January 15, 1791; d. January 21, 1872
Franz Hettinger	Catholic theologian; b. January 13, 1819, at Aschaffenburg; d. January 26, 1890, at Wurzburg
Franz Hunolt	The most popular German preacher of the early part of the eighteenth century, b. March 31, 1691, at Siegen; d. September 12, 1746, at Trier
Franz Ignaz von Streber	Numismatist and theologian, b. at Reisbach, Lower Bavaria, Feb. 11, 1758; d. at Munich, April 26, 1841
Franz Isidor Proschko	Well-known Austrian author, b. at Hohenfurt, Bohemia, April 2, 1816; d. at Vienna, February 6, 1891
Franz Ittenbach	German historical painter (1813-1879)
Franz Jacob Clemens	German Catholic philosopher (1815-1862)
Franz Joseph Antony	Choirmaster (1790-1837)
Franz Joseph Ritter von Buss	Jurist, b. March 23, 1803, at Zell in Baden; d. January 31, 1878
Franz Karl Movers	Exegete and Orientalist, b. at Koesfeld, Westphalia, July 17, 1806; d. at Breslau, Sept. 28, 1856
Franz Liszt	Composer, and admittedly the greatest pianist in the annals of music, b. at Raiding, Hungary, October 22, 1811; d. at Bayreuth, Germany, July 31, 1886
Franz Ludwig von Erthal	Prince-Bishop of Wurzburg and Bamberg, b. September 16, 1730 d. February 16, 1795
Franz Michael Permaneder	Canonist, b. at Traunstein, Bavaria, Aug. 12, 1794; d. at Ratisbon, Oct. 10, 1862
Franz Michael Vierthaler	A distinguished Austrian pedagogue, b. at Mauerkirchen, Upper Austria, September 25, 1758; d. at Vienna, October 3, 1827
Franz Mone	Historian and archaeologist, b. at Mingolsheim near Bruchsal, Baden, May 12, 1796; d. at Karlsruhe, March 12, 1871
Franz Neumayr	Preacher, writer on theological, controversial and ascetical subjects, and author of many dramas on sacred themes in Latin, b. at Munich, January 17, 1697; d. at Augsburg, May 1, 1765
Franz Paula von Schrank	Naturalist, b. at Varnbach near Scharding on the Inn, August 21, 1747; d. at Munich, December 22, 1835
Franz Pfanner	Abbot, b. at Langen, Vorarlberg, Austria, 1825; d. at Emmaus, South Africa, May 24, 1909
Franz Quirin von Kober	German canonist, pedagogist (1821-1897)
Franz Schubert	Composer, b. at Vienna, January 31, 1797; d. there November 19, 1829
Franz Seraph Streber	Numismatist, b. at Deutenkofen, Lower Bavaria, Feb. 26, 1805; d. at Munich, Nov. 21 1864
Franz von Paula Hladnik	Botanist and school-master, b. March 29, 1773; d. November 25, 1844
Franz Wilhelm, Count von Wartenberg	Bishop of Osnabruck and cardinal, eldest son of Duke Ferdinand of Bavaria and his morganatic wife Maria Pettenbeckin, b. at Munich, March 1, 1593; d. at Ratisbon, Dec. 1, 1661
Franz Xaver Dieringer	Catholic theologian, b. August 22, 1811, at Rangeningen (Hohenzollern-Hechingen); d. September 8, 1876, at Veringendorf
Franz Xaver Freiherr von Wulfen	Botanist, b. at Belgrade, November 5, 1728; d. at Klagenfurt, March 17, 1805
Franz Xaver Kraus	Ecclesiastical and art historian (1840-1901)
Franz Xaver von Baader	German philosopher (1765-1841)
Franz Xaver von Funk	Church historian, b. in the small market-town of Abtsgemund in Wurtemberg, October 12, 1840; d. at Tubingen, February 24, 1907
Fraternal Correction	Admonishing of one's neighbor by a private individual with the purpose of reforming him or, if possible, preventing his sinful indulgence
Fraticelli	A name given to various heretical sects which appeared in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, principally in Italy
Fraud	In the common acceptation of the word, an act or course of deception deliberately practised with the view of gaining a wrong and unfair advantage
Fray Alonzo Benavides	Franciscan, Archbishop of Goa (b. 1603)
Fray Domingo de la Anunciacion	Dominican missionary (1510-1591)
Fray Francisco Be Alvarado	Native of Mexico, Dominican, vicar of Tamazulapa
Fray Francisco de Ayeta	Spanish Franciscan of the seventeenth century and Commissary of the Inquisition in New Spain
Fray Jose Arlegui	Spaniard from Biscay
Fray Juan Bautista	Franciscan priest, taught theology and metaphysics b. 1555; date of death unknown

Fray Juan de la Anunciacion	Augustinian (1514-1594)
Fray Nicolas Armentia	Bishop of La Paz
Fredegarius	The name used since the sixteenth century (for what reason is not known) to designate the supposed author of an anonymous historical compilation (Chronicon Fredegarii) of the seventh century
Fredegis of Tours	A ninth-century monk, teacher, and writer. Fredegis was an Anglo-Saxon, b. in England towards the end of the eighth century; d. at Tours in 834
Frederic Alfred Pierre Vicomte de Falloux Du Coudray	Statesman; b. at Angers, March 7, 1811; d. there Jan. 6, 1885
Frederic Baraga	Ffirst Bishop of Marquette, Michigan (1797-1868)
Frederic Nausea	Bishop of Vienna, B. C. 1480 at Waischenfeld (Blancicampium) in Franconia; d. Feb. 6, 1552, at Trent.
Frederic Rene Coudert	B. in New York, March 1, 1832; d. at Washington, D. C., December 20, 1903
Frederic-Francois-Xavier Ghislain de Merode	Belgian prelate and statesman, b. at Brussels, 1820; d. at Rome, 1874
Frederic-Louis Colin	Superior of the Sulpicians in Canada (1835-1902)
Frederick Aloysius Weld	Youngest son of Humphrey Weld, b. at Chideock Manor, Dorset, 1823; d. there, 1891
Frederick Apthorp Paley	Classical scholar, b. at Easingwold near York, Jan. 14, 1815; d. at Bourne-mouth, Dec. 9, 1888
Frederick Charles Husenbeth	B. at Bristol, May 30, 1796; d. at Cossey, Norfolk, Oct. 31, 1872
Frederick I	German King and Roman Emperor, son of Frederick of Swabia (d. 1147) and Judith, daughter of Henry the Black; born c. 1123; died June 10, 1190
Frederick II	German King and Roman Emperor, son of Henry VI and Constance of Sicily; b. Dec. 26, 1194; d. at Fiorentina, in Apulia, Dec. 13, 1250
Frederick Lucas	British member of Parliament and journalist b. in Westminster, March 30, 1812; d. at Staines, Middlesex, Oct. 22, 1855
Frederick Oakeley	B. Sept. 5, 1802, at Shrewsbury; d. Jan. 30, 1880, at Islington
Frederick W. von Egloffstein	First to employ ruled glass screens, together with photography, to produce engravings b. May 18, 1824; d. 1885
Frederick William Faber	Oratorian and devotional writer; b. June 28, 1814, at Calverley, Yorkshire, England; d. in London, Sept. 26, 1863
Free Church of Scotland	An ecclesiastical organization in Scotland
Free Thinkers	Those who, abandoning the religious truths and moral dictates of the Christian Revelation, and accepting no dogmatic teaching on the ground of authority, base their beliefs on the unfettered findings of reason alone
Free Will	The question of free will, moral liberty, or the liberum arbitrium of the Schoolmen, ranks amongst the three or four most important philosophical problems of all time
Freiburg	City, archdiocese, and university in the Archduchy of Baden, Germany
French Academy, The	Founded by Cardinal de Richelieu in 1635
French Catholics in the United States	French Canadians and their devotion to their Church and to their adopted country
French Concordat of 1801, The	Convention of the 26th Messidor, year IX (July 16, 1802), whereby Pope Pius VII and Bonaparte, First Consul, re-established the Catholic Church in France
French Literature	French language writings
French Revolution	Article on the relations between the French Revolution and the Church
Frequent Communion	Without specifying how often the faithful should communicate, Christ simply bids us eat His Flesh and drink His Blood, and warns us, that if we do not do so, we shall not have life in us (John, vi, etc.)
Friar	A member of one of the mendicant orders
Frideswide, Saint	Virgin, patroness of Oxford, lived from about 650 to 735
Fridolin, Saint	Missionary, founder of the Monastery of Sackingen, Baden (sixth century)
Friedrich Bernard Christian Maassen	Professor of law, b. Sept. 24, 1823, at Wismar (Mecklenburg); d. April 9, 1900
Friedrich Heinrich Hugo Windischmann	Orientalist and exegete, b. at Aschaffenburg, December 13, 1811; d. at Munich, August 23, 1861
Friedrich Heinrich Vering	A German canonist, b. at Liesborn in Westphalia, March 9, 1833; d. at Prague, March 30, 1896
Friedrich Karl Joseph Freiherr von Erthal	Last Elector and Archbishop of Mainz, b. Jan. 3, 1719, at Mainz; d. July 25, 1802, at Aschaffenburg
Friedrich Leopold Stolberg	B. November 7, 1750; d. December 5, 1819
Friedrich Ludwig Zacharias Werner	Convert, poet, and pulpit orator, b. at Konigsberg, Prussia, November 18, 1768; d. at Vienna, February 17, 1823
Friedrich Overbeck	Convert and painter of religious subjects, b. at Lubeck, July 3, 1789; d. at Rome, November 12, 1869
Friedrich Schwarzenberg	Cardinal and Prince-Archbishop of Prague, b. at Vienna, April 6, 1809; d. there, March 27, 1885

Friedrich Staphylus	Theologian, b. at Osnabruck, Aug. 27, 1512; d. at Ingolstadt, March 5, 1564
Friedrich von Hausen	Medieval German poet, one of the earliest of the minnesingers; date of birth unknown; d. May 6, 1190
Friedrich von Schlegel	Poet, writer on aesthetics, and literary historian, b. at Hanover, March 10, 1772; d. at Dresden, January 12, 1829
Friedrich von Schmidt	Architect, b. at Frickenhofen, 1825; d. at Vienna, 1891
Friedrich von Spee	Poet, opponent of trials for witchcraft, b. at Kaiserswerth on the Rhine, February 25, 1591; d. at Trier, August 7, 1635
Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow	Painter, b. at Berlin, 1789; d. at Dusseldorf, 1862
Friedrich Wilhelm Weber	Physician, member of the Prussian House of Deputies, and poet, b. at Alhausen, near Driburg, in Westphalia, December 25, 1813; d. at Nieheim, April 5, 1894
Friends of God	An association of pious persons, both ecclesiastical and lay, having for its object the cultivation of holiness
Fringes (in Scripture)	A special kind of trimming, consisting of loose threads of wool, silk, etc., or strips of other suitable material, along the edge of a piece of cloth
Frobenius Forster	Prince-Abbot of St. Emmeram at Ratisbon, b. Aug. 30, 1709, at Konigsfeld in Upper Bavaria; d. Oct. 11, 1791, at Ratisbon
Fronton Du Duc	French theologian and Jesuit, b. at Bordeaux in 1558; d. at Paris, September 25, 1624
Frowin, Blessed	Benedictine abbot, d. March 11, 1178
Fructuosus of Braga, Saint	Archbishop, d. April 16, c. 665
Fructuosus of Tarragona, Saint	Bishop and martyr; d. Jan. 21, 259
Fulbert of Chartres	Bishop, b. between 952 and 962; d. April 10, 1028 or 1029
Fulcran, Saint	Bishop of Lodeve; d. February 13, 1006
Fulgentius Ferrandus	A canonist and theologian of the African Church in the first half of the sixth century
Fulgentius, Saint	Bishop of Ecija (Astigi), in Spain, at the beginning of the seventh century
Fundamental Articles	This term was employed by Protestant theologians to distinguish the essential parts of the Christian faith from those non-essential doctrines, which, as they believed, individual churches might accept or reject without forfeiting their claim to rank as pa
Funeral Dues	The canonical perquisites of a parish priest receivable on the occasion of the funeral of any of his parishioners
Funeral Pall	A black cloth usually spread over the coffin while the obsequies are performed for a deceased person
Furness Abbey	Situated in the north of Lancashire about five miles from the town of Ulverston; originally a Benedictine monastery of the Savigny Reform it afterwards became Cistercian
Furni	A titular see in Proconsular Africa
Fursey, Saint	Abbot of Lagny, near Paris, d. Jan. 16, about 650
Fussola	A titular see in Numidia

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